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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Increased Serum Creatinine: bad or good?
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Bad
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What heart med is potentially nephrotoxic?
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ACEi
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Hormone responsible for water retention?
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ADH
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Hormone responsible for Na retention?
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Aldosterone
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DI is caused by lack of this hormone
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ADH
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Adrenal insufficiency is caused by lack of this hormone
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Aldosterone
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Retention of CO2
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Respiratory acidosis
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Loss of CO2
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Respiratory alkalosis
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Anion Gap Equation
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AG = Na-(Cl+HCO3)
Normal is about 12 |
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Conditions with widened anion gap
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MUDPILES:
Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis P Inorganic pesticides or Isoniazid Lactic acidosis (dehydration) Ethelen Glycol Salicylic acid |
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Resp compensation for metabolic acidosis
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Elimination of CO2 by hyperventilation (2)
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Kussmaul's |
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Resp compensation for metabolic alkalosis
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Retention of CO2 by hypoventilation (1)
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Asthma
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Hypoosmolar Hyponatremia (5)
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SIADH
Pituitary mass Drugs (SSRIs in elderly) Psychogenic polydipsia Lung cancer |
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Hyperosmolar Hyponatremia
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Hyperglycemia
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Why should you correct Na balance slowly?
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Prevent central pontine myelinolysis
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What is used to correct Na balance?
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Isotonic saline
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What drug can cause nephrogenic DI?
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Lithium
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Causes of hypernatremia (2)
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Central DI (head trauma/post-op)
Nephrogenic DI (lithium) |
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Causes of hyperkalemia (5)
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DM
Acidosis CRF Drugs (spironolactone, triamtrerene) |
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2 drugs that can cuase hyperkalemia
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Spironolactone
Triamterene |
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Hyperkalemia on EKG
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T waves taller than R waves
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Acute management of hyperkalemia (7)
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CaCO3
Insulin Bicarb Loop diuretic Albuterol Kayexalate Dialysis |
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Hypokalemia causes (5)
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Insulin
Vomiting Diuretic therapy (loops and thiazides) Low Magnesium Dig Tox |
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Diuretics that can cause hypokalemia (2)
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Loops
Thiazides |
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Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia Tachyarrhythmia Yellow vision |
Dig tox
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Hypokalemia on EKG
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Flat T waves with U waves
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U waves
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Hypokalemia
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Most common cause of hypomagnesemia
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ETOH
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Most common cause of hypermagnesemia
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CRF
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Given to correct Hypokalemia
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Mag and Potassium
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What electrolyte should not be given to CRF patients?
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Magnesium
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3 drugs that contain magnesium
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Maalox
Mylanta Mag citrate |
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Prerenal machanism of ARF
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Perfusional
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Renal mechanism of ARF (3)
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Glomerular
Tubular Interstitial |
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Postrenal mechanism of ARF
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Obstructive
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Prerenal causes of ARF
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Shock
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Intrarenal causes of ARF (3)
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Acute Tubular Necrosis
Interstitial nephritis Glomerulonephritis |
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Prerenal ARF labs
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High specific gravity
High Bun/Cr Low Sodium excretion |
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Renal ARF labs
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Low specific gravity
Low Bun/Cr High Sodium excretion |
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Azotemia
FENA >1% Renal tubular epithelial cells |
ATN
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Causes of ATN (2)
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Ischemia
Toxin exposure |
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Toxins that can cause ATN (5)
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Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin Contrast dye NSAIDs ACEi |
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Dysmorphic RBSs
RBC casts Mild to moderate proteinuria Mild edema/hypertension |
Nephritic syndrome
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Easy way to id causes of nephritic syndrome
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All end in "Nephritis"
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Fever, rash, arthralgias
Acute azotemia Eosinophiluria WBC casts Hematuria |
Interstitial nephritis
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Major causes of Interstitial Nephritis (2)
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Drugs
Immunologic and Infectious Dx |
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Drugs that cause Interstitial Nephritis (7)
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PCN
Ceph Sulfa NSAIDs Rifampin Phenytoin Allopurinol |
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Cause of Glomerulonephritis
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Strep Group A
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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APPLE:
Albuminemia (hypo) PProteinuria (lots) Lipidemia (hyper) Edema |
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Nephrotic Syndrome in kids
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Minimal change disease
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Nephrotic syndrome in adults
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Membranous nephrophathy
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Tx of Diabetic Nephropathy
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Aggressive blood sugar control
BP control ACE or ARB |
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Glomeruli filled with amorphous deposits that stain with CONGO RED, showing green birefringence
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Amyloidosis
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Dx of Autosomal Domininant Polycystic Kidney Disease
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US
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What do casts in urine indicate?
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Kidney origin
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What does protein in urine indicate?
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Renal origin
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What do transitional cells in urine indicate?
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Bladder, Ureter, or Renal Pelvis origin
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What do WBCs in urine indicate?
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Infection
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