Paleo Lab Final

Front 1

Annelida (Phylum)

Back 1

Segmented worms

Cambrian - Recent

triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical protostomes

Front 2

Metamerism

Back 2

serial repetition of segments and organ systems

Front 3

Arthropoda (Phylum)

Back 3

Cambrian- Recent

segmented, jointed chitinous exoskeleton

Chitin + protein = cuticle

Exoskeleton: suppots the body, protects from predators, allows for muscle attachment, prevents desiccation, limb regeneration

Exoskelton requires ecdysis (molting)

makes an organism vulnerable, allows drastic changes in morphology and makes for good ontogenetic sequences in fossil record

Front 4

Crustacea (Superclass)

Back 4

Cambrian - Recent

head with 5 pairs of appendages (including 2 pairs of antennae)

distinct cephalon and thoracic region, segmented abdomen

Most are shrimplike but also includes barnacles and ostracods

Front 5

Superclass Crustacea

Class - Maxillopoda

Subclass Ostracoda

Back 5

Cambrian - Recen

secrete a pair of kidney bean shaped calcareous shells hinged over their back

most are microscopic but fossils up to 8 cm

most are benthic

filter feeding

7 pairs of appendages

Front 6

Superclass Crustacea

Class - Maxillopoda

Subclass - Cirripedia

Back 6

Ordovician - Recent

Adults modified for attachment to substrate

Thoracic limbs modified for filter feeding

No abdomen

Calcareous plates (some have a cover)

Front 7

Superclass - Crustacea

Class - Malacostraca

Back 7

Cambrian - Recent

paired compound eyes

biramous first antennae

thorax with 8 segments ( each with a pair of biramous limbs)

6 or 7 abdominal segments and a telson

Appendages on 6th abdominal segment flattened into uropods

Front 8

Phylum - Arthopoda

Superclass: Chelicerata

Back 8

Cambrian - Recent

Body divided into two parts: Prosoma- head and thorax and Opisthosoma - abdomen

First appendages are modified into chelicerae

Second appendage can be modified into pincers

Four pairs of walking-appendages on prosoma

No mandibles or antennae

Skeleton not calcified

Front 9

Arthropoda

Chelicerata

Merostomata

Eurypterida

Back 9

Cambrian - Permian

largest known predators of Silurian

Front 10

Chelicerata

Merostomata

Xiphosura

Back 10

Cambrian - Recent

horseshoe crabs

appendages on opisthosoma are flattened and modified for use as book gills

nearshore habitats

Front 11

Arthropoda

Chelicerata

Arachnida

Back 11

Cambrian - Recent

spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

no mineralized skeleton

book lungs for respiration

Front 12

Arthropoda

Tracheata

Back 12

Silurian - Recent

insects, myriadpods

unbranched appendages

Front 13

tracheata

Myriapoda

Back 13

Silurian - Recent

centipedes and millipedes

Front 14

tracheata

Insecta

Back 14

Devonian - Recent

Front 15

Hemimetabolous vs Holometabolous

Back 15

Hemi is energy efficient, does not require a long pupa phase

Holo allows partitioning of labor (growth vs. dispersal), uses a pupa stage (butterflies)

Front 16

Class Trilobita

Back 16

Cambrian - Permian

Calcified cuticle (exoskeleton)

biramous appendages for locomotion and respiration

Front 17

Class Trilobita

Order Agnostida

Back 17

Cambrian - Permian

Front 18

Redlichiida

Back 18

Cambrian

Front 19

Asaphida

Back 19

Cambrian - Orovician

Front 20

Corynexochida

Back 20

Cambrian - Ordovician

Front 21

Ptychopariida

Back 21

Cambrian - Ordovician

Front 22

Trinucleida

Back 22

Ordovician-Silurian

Front 23

Phacopida

Back 23

Ordovician - Devonian

Front 24

Lichida

Back 24

Ordovician - Devonian

Front 25

Odontopleuridae

Back 25

Ordovician - Devoniam

Front 26

Proetida

Back 26

Cambrian - Permian

Front 27

Phylum Mollusca

Back 27

Cambrian - Recent

Triploblastic, coelomate, protostome

Soft, fleshy, unsegmented body

Elongate and bilaterally symmetrical

Radula (chitin + protein - sometimes mineralized)

Ventral body wall muscles form a foot

Possess a mantle

Have gills.

Synapomorphies: radula, foot, mantle

Front 28

Mollusc calcareous shell structure

Back 28

1. Outer organic layer (periostracum)

2. prismatic layers (calcite)

3. inner layer of aragonite (nacreous layer)

Front 29

Molusca

Class: Polyplacophora

Back 29

Cambrian - Recent

7-8 separate plates

flexible body, with girdle, aesthetes for light reception

magnetite radula

Front 30

Countercurrent exchange

Back 30

respiratory fluid and water flow in opposite directions so that oxygen is absorbed more efficiently

Front 31

Monoplacophora

Back 31

Cambrian - Recent

simple limpet like shell

deep water

no torsion

Front 32

Gastropoda

Back 32

Cambrian - Recent

torsion

Front 33

Torsion

Back 33

possible causes:

easier for larvae to retract head and foot into mantle (no)

easier for larvae to balance while swimming? (maybe)

rotate body mass to balance mass of spiral shell (no)

Front 34

Prosobranchia

Archaeogastropoda

Back 34

Cambrian - Recent

planispiral or limpet like

bipectinate gills

Front 35

Prosobranchia

Mesogastropoda

Back 35

ordovician - recent

siphonal notch

unipectinate gills

Front 36

Prosobranchia

Neogastropoda

Back 36

Jurassic - recent

long siphon

conical shells

unipectinate gills

Front 37

Opisthobranchia

Back 37

Carboniferous - Recent

reduction or loss of shell

limited torsion

reduction or loss of mantle cavity

posterior or lateral gills

includes planktonic forms

Front 38

Pulmonata

Back 38

Jurassic - Recent

terrestrial or freshwater

some lost shells

vascularized mantle cavity functions as lung

Front 39

Cephalopoda

Back 39

most intelligent mollusks

predators

sophisticated eyes and large brains

jet propulsion

Front 40

Coleoidea

Back 40

Carboniferous - Recent

squid, cuttlefish, octopus, belemnites

Front 41

Bivalvia

Back 41

Cambrian - Recent

Front 42

Burrowing bivalves in soft substrate

Back 42

Symmetrical valves, isomyarian, pallial line distinct

Thick, sculptured shells = shallow

Thin, smooth shells = deep burrowers

Front 43

Burrowing bivalves in hard substrate

Back 43

boring ridges

Front 44

Swimming bivalve

Back 44

thin shells with symmetrical, wing like auricles, monomyarian

Front 45

Byssally attached bivalve

Back 45

anisomyarian or monomyarian

elongat, equivalved valves

opening in shell for byssus

Front 46

Cementing bivalve

Back 46

inequivalved valves

monomyarian

Front 47

Scaphopoda

Back 47

ordovician - recent

Front 48

Chordata

Back 48

dorsal hollow nerve tube

notochord

pharyngeal gill slits

postanal tail

myomeres

Front 49

Craniates

Back 49

skull

neural crest

tripartite brain

Front 50

Graptolites

Back 50

Cambrian - Carboniferous

Front 51

Tetrapod land transition

Back 51

Respiration:– used expansion of rib cage to bring air into lung (but earliest retainedgills)–

Locomotion:– Further development of the fin bones and fusion of pelvic girdle tospine for weight support– Development of interlocking structures on vertebrae for weightsupport–

Desiccation:– development of keratin (impermeable protein) in scales– Internal nares help prevent water loss–

Sensing:– Loss of lateral line system– Hyomandibular transmits sounds to inner ear

Front 52

Sutures

Back 52

Goniatitic = zig zag with no accessory crenulation (Paleozoic)

Ceratitic = lobes have crenulations (Triassic)

Amonnitic = highly crunulated (Jurassic - Cretaceous)

Front 53

Isomyarian vs Monomyarian vs. anisomyarian

Back 53

Adductor muscles same size, only one present, two different sizes