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104 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Caves of Lascaux - 15000 BC
Prehistoric art
Toreador/ Bull Leaping Fresco - Knossos - 1500 BC
Minoan
relationship human - animal: playful, dance, act > sign of civilisation
dark people are men, light women
Garden of Nebamun - 1400 BC - tomb in thebes
Egyptian art
Garden of Nebamun - 1400 BC - tomb in thebes
Egyptian art
show the visibility of things > cubism
tree, birds, fish: fertility symbols
monotheism brings abstraction > Akhenaton & nefertiti > more playful and individual
Exekias - Boat of Dionysos - 550-525BC
classic Greek
Kylix: a kind of cup
metamorphosis: the boat is a fish (Dionysos being captured by pirates)
apollo vs dionysus
Doors of Hildesheim - 1015
Romanesque
Expulsion from Paradise
God, Adam, Eve, devil
Pointing gestures > guilt
snake/dragon is between Eve's leg > the fall
Vierge Ouvrante - c1300
Vierge Ouvrante - c1300
Gothic
Oberrheinischer Meister - Paradiesgärtlein - c1410
Gothic?
Hortus Conclusus
type: Mary in the rose bower
one of the earliest paintings to naturalistically depict plants
beguines
from the Song of songs: the woman is a closed garden and her soul is pure: spiritual life > bodily pleasure; fountains of renewing life
cherry tree = tree of passion
Campin - Virgin and Child - before 1432
Gothic - Flemish Primitives

water bowl: baptism
Jesus is human (touching himself), and divine (halo)
mary is sitting on the ground: humility + caring for her child herself <> rich red cloth
candle, window cross, two stars: presence of the divine
Van Eyck - The Mystic Lamb (Het lam Gods) - 1432
Vlaamse Primitieven - Gothic

merchant, financier and politician Joost Vijdt
outer panels: two registers. The upper rows: Annunciation of Mary. The four lower register panels: two pairs; sculptural grisaille paintings (in sandstone colours) of John the Baptist and John the Evangelist, and on the two outer panels, donor portraits of Joost Vijdt and his wife Lysbette Borluut.
The upper register (row) of the opened view: Diesis of Christ the King, Virgin Mary and John the Baptist, flanked by images of angels singing and playing music, and, on the outermost panels, Adam and Eve
> adam seems to be stepping out of the painting: link between past and present
lower register of the central panel: adoration of the Lamb of God + dove of the Holy Spirit.
as much attention to the beauty of earthly things as to the religious themes
Lighting: major innovation > complex light effects and subtle plays of shadow > new technique of oil paint + transparent glazes
detailing of surface textures, especially reflections and refractions
prefiguration of new genres: landscape painting (<> Patinir during the reformation), still life
trompe l'oeil, perspective
Fra Angelico - Annunciation of cortona - 1433-34
Renaissance / quatrecento
Piero della Francesca - Constantine's dream, part of The Legend of the True Cross - 1460
early renaissance / quatrecento
Emperor Constantine the Great, before the battle of Milvian Bridge, is awakened by an angel who shows him the cross in heaven. With the cross on his shield, he slew the enemy, and later converted to Christianity.
use of light: roundness of the tent
drama: back of the angel; light > emperor
interest in perspective
Piero della Francesca - Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza - 1472
early renaissance
Mantegna - Cupola of the Camera degli Sposi - 1473 Renaissance / quatrecento

fundamentally sculptural approach to painting
shade, anatomy, very personal & lively
Geertgen tot sintjans - The glorification of the Virgin - c1480
Apocalyps
Gothic
three circles of halo. Within the halo are all sorts of musical instruments. This painting shows some of the oldest pictures of musical instruments known in the Netherlands
early Dutch School
celestial harmony: at the end of time, mary will overcome all evil
Geertgen - Kruisiging van Christus - end of 15th C
Gothic
Master I. A. M. of Zwolle - Saint Bernard Kneeling before the Virgin - 1480-85
Gothic
Botticelli - Birth of Venus - 1486
early renaissance / quatrecento

arriving on the island of the hesperides (golden apples)
zephyrus & aurora on the left, flora on the right
briar roses in the air: symbol of love
influence of Ovid and greek/roman m
Botticelli - Birth of Venus - 1486
early renaissance / quatrecento

arriving on the island of the hesperides (golden apples)
zephyrus & aurora on the left, flora on the right
briar roses in the air: symbol of love
influence of Ovid and greek/roman mythology

vs Titian's! Normal, not surrounded by mythological elements ! artificial nakedness = nude
Hieronymus Bosch - The garden of earthly delights (detail) - 1490-1510
Gothic > renaissance (transitional figure)
The left panel depicts God presenting Eve to Adam, the central panel is a broad panorama of sexually engaged nude figures, fantastical animals, oversized fruit and hybrid stone formations. The right panel is a hellscape and portrays the torments of damnation.
Bellini - Madonna of the meadow/del prato - 1505
High renaissance
medieval iconography of the Virgin of humility seated before a full and shining rural panorama, with both the devotional aspect and the landscape aspect given equal prominence. Full of small details of everyday life, this landscape contributes to the intimate and familiar tone of the two figures. The vulture in the tree also possibly symbolises death. The figures' poses invite meditation on Jesus's death and passion, recalling Pietà compositions with the dead adult Jesus in his mother's lap.
Leonardo da Vinci - Mona Lisa - 1503/6
Renaissance
portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo
sfumato, also in her face > energy that comes from the eyes and mouth > personality
The ambiguity of the subject's expression, frequently described as enigmatic, the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modeling of forms and the atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities
BG is unbalanced > imbalance in the young lady?
Giorgione - Three Philosophers - 1507-8
high renaissance
Sometimes interpreted as symbols of Plato's cave or the Three Magi
ook the tempest
Giorgione - Three Philosophers - 1507-8
high renaissance
Sometimes interpreted as symbols of Plato's cave or the Three Magi
ook the tempest
Hieronymus Bosch - The Haywain (detail) - after 1510
Gothic > renaissance (transitional figure)
comparatively sketchy manner which contrasts with the traditional Flemish style of paintings
The left panel: God creates Eve. > narrative sequence: top: rebel angels are cast out of Heaven while God sits enthroned, the angels turning into insects as they break through the clouds; below: God creates Eve from the rib of Adam. Next, Adam and Eve find the serpent and the tree; the serpent offers them an apple. Finally the angel forces the two out of the Garden of Eden. Adam speaks with the angel; Eve looks ahead to the right in a melancholic pose.
nuns and bisshops > gold > greed > money is the central evil (also music)
Raphael - Madonna Alba - 1511-13
Renaissance
Mary, Jesus and John the Baptist, in a typical Italian countryside. John the Baptist is holding up a cross to Jesus, which the baby Jesus is grasping. All three figures are staring at the cross. The three fig
Raphael - Madonna Alba - 1511-13
Renaissance
Mary, Jesus and John the Baptist, in a typical Italian countryside. John the Baptist is holding up a cross to Jesus, which the baby Jesus is grasping. All three figures are staring at the cross.
grouped to the left > the outstretched arm of the Madonna and the billowing material of her cloak balance the image
primary colours, no more gold, realistic
triangles: the trinity > classical art, mathematical
Raphael - Galathea - 1512
renaissance
fresco in Villa Farnesina
the beautiful Nereid Galatea had fallen in love with the peasant shepherd Acis. Her consort, one-eyed giant Polyphemus, after chancing upon the two lovers together, lobbed an enormous pillar and killed Acis.
Raphael did not paint any of the main events of the story. He chose the scene of the nymph's apotheosis . Galatea appears surrounded by other sea creatures whose forms are somewhat inspired by Michelangelo, whereas the bright colors and decoration are supposed to be inspired by ancient Roman painting. At the left, a Triton (partly man, partly fish) abducts a sea nymph; behind them, another Triton uses a shell as a trumpet. Galatea rides a shell-chariot drawn by two dolphins.
vertical, but counterbalanced by the movement
Holbein - Ambassadors - 1533
Northern renaissance (mannerism after him, eg Hilliard)
> reformation!
distorted skull: scientific perspective, memento mori
sciences: tools to measure the earth, tools used on ships
arts: lute
book opened on page w lutheran songs
no idealization, realism!
Parmigianino - The Madonna with the Long Neck - 1534
Mannerism
vertical, very long neck and legs
prophetic figure and odd column in the BG
asymmetry: people on the left, empty sky on the right
Titian - Danae - 1553-4
high renaissance
she was isolated in a bronze dungeon following a prophecy that her firstborn would eventually kill her father. Although aware of the consequences, Danaë was seduced and became pregnant by Zeus > as a shower of gold
rather diagonal > baroque > light vs dark, energetic, movement
dog: infidelity (sleeping)
Southern Netherlands second half 16th C
mannerism
Caravaggio - David and Goliath - 1559
Baroque
Pieter Breughel the elder - February/ a gloomy day - 1565
reformation art/northern renaissance
The painting's scene is set around the start of the calendar year at around January, portrayed by the bleak atmosphere and leafless trees. The paper crown around the boy's head which refers to Epiphany and the eating of waffles which were commonly consumed at Carnival time prior to Lent. The sky, the ships crashing against the shoreline, and the children preparing themselves in the foreground suggest that harsh weather is coming.
Breughel - The land of Cockaygne - 1567
reformation art/northern renaissance

political satire directed at the participants in the first stages of the Dutch Revolt, where the roasted fowl represents the humiliation and failure of the nobleman (who would otherwise form the fourth spoke of the wheel) in his leadership of the Netherlands, and the overall scene depicts the complacency of the Netherlandish people, too content with their abundance to take the risks that would bring about significant religious and political change.[2]
Pieter Breughel the elder - The Fall of Icarus - 1590-5
reformation art/northern renaissance
El Greco - View of Toledo - 1596-1600
"mannerism" (influenced by Byzantian art etc)
one of the two surviving landscapes painted by El Greco
precursor of expressionism & cubism
his mannerism is experimental
Caravaggio - Narciso - 1599
Baroque
Caravaggio - Emmaus - 1602
Baroque
Caravaggio - St Matthew - 1602
This: newer version: the first was not considered acceptable
Caravaggio - St Matthew - 1602
Baroque
Newer version (also 1602): the first was not considered acceptable > he looks to puzzled, angel literally has to guide his hand
Caravaggio - Death of the Virgin -1606
dormition
caused a contemporary stir, and was rejected as unfit by the parish > too dead! thought he modelled it on the corpse of a harlot
mary magdalene
claire obscure
Rubens - The Descent from the Cross - 1612/14
Baroque - southern netherlands
Deposition
central panel of a triptych
!! vs rembrandt <> bowl of blood > sacrament
Ribalta - Saint Francis Embracing the Crucified Christ - 1620
Baroque
Rembrandt - Artist in his studio - 1629
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age

Self portrait for Huyghens
Rembrandt - Descent from the cross - 1634
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age

Deposition
!! vs rubens <> focus on the deadness of the body
Rembrandt - The Blinding of Samson - 1636
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Willem Claeszoon Heda - Breakfast Still Life - 1637
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Breakfast pieces / banketjes
Still life

This early still-life of Heda shows drinking vessels and a salt-cellar made of gold-plated metal with delicately engraved ornamental patterns that gently reflect the light. In fact, the overall monochrome character of the painting only admit a faint sheen. A tall, slim polygonal glass with horizontal grooves and a diamond structure towers above the table like a column. In front of it, almost like a counterpoint, there are two plates, one with left-overs from a berry pie that has only been half eaten. On the left, an empty glass is leaning on the plate. Between the glass and the plate a knife has been precariously placed so that it is threatening to fall off the table at any time. Finally, there are some walnuts and hazelnuts, suggesting that this, too, is a dessert still-life.
Gerard Dou - Girl Chopping Onions - 1646
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Leiden fijnschilders
genre paintings
Poussin - Holy Family - 1648
Baroque - french > classical baroque, very balanced and no extreme emotions
also: et in arcadia ego
Poussin - Holy Family - 1648
Baroque - french > classical baroque, very balanced and no extreme emotions
also: et in arcadia ego
Mellan - Veronica - 1649
Baroque - french
the real sudarium (vera icon) would be on display in 1650 > holy year
Bernini - St Theresa of Avila - 1647-52
Baroque
Gerard Ter Borch - Gallant Conversation / The Paternal admonition - c1654
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Nicolaes Maes - The Eavesdropper - 1657
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Vermeer - Woman Holding a Balance - 1662/3
Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age

Last Judgment? Opinions on the theme and symbolism of the painting differ, with the woman alternatively viewed as a symbol of holiness or earthiness
Jan Steen - Inverted World - 1663

Baroque - northern netherlands - dutch golden age
Boucher - Diana sortant du bain - 1742
Rococo - french
Hogarth - Painter and his Pug - 1745
Rococo England

Satire and moral
Chardin - Glass of Water and Coffee Pot - 1760
Rococo - french
Still life & genre paintings > "master of the 18th century"
Gainsborough - The Blue Boy - 1770
Rococo England

Inspired by Van Dyck; rule said blue belonged only in the BG so he proved it wrong
Reynolds - Portrait of the Artist - 1780

Rococo England
Füseli - Oath on the Rutli - 1780
Romanticism - England (Swiss)

legendary oath of the Old Swiss Confederacy, taken on the Rütli, a meadow above Lake Lucerne near Seelisberg. The oath is notably featured in the Wilhelm Tell drama of 1804 by Friedrich Schiller.
Blake - The Sick Rose - 1789-91
Romanticism - England

Fusion of poetry an art
Songs of Innocence & Experience
Gillray - Fashionable Contrasts; – or – the Duchess's little shoe yeilding to the magnitude of the Duke's foot - 1792
Satire & social criticism in the romantic period

Duke and Duchess of York

Response in part to contemporary press flattery of the Duchess remarking on her dainty feet and elegant footwear.
David - A Marat - 1793
Neoclassicism - france

Assassinated by a royalist; propaganda
parallel with christ
Rowlandson - Artist in Wales - 1799
Satire & social criticism in the romantic period, rococo elements
De Loutherbourgh - Avalanche in the Alps - 1803
Romanticism - England
CDF - The Monk by the Sea - 1808/10
Romanticism Germany
Goya - The 3rd of May 1808 - 1814
Spanish Romanticism

Goya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War.
Caspar David Friedrich (CDF) - Wanderer above the sea of Fog - c1818
Romanticism Germany
Géricault - The Raft of the Medusa - 1819
romanticism - france
Constable - Flatford Mill - 1820s
Romanticism - England
archetypal images of English countryside
forerunner of impressionism
Turner - Slave Ship (Slavers throwing overboard the dead and dying; Typhoon coming on) - 1840
Romanticism - England
Zong: Slavers throwing slaves overboard to get insurance money
anti-slavery congress in London
treatment of light & historical subject matter
Turner - Norham Castle - 1844
Romanticism - England

treatment of light & historical subject matter
Courbet - Stone breakers - 1849
Realism - france
initiator of realism in france: radical
overthrows genre conventions, attention for workers, social identities
Holman Hunt - The Hireling Shepherd - 1851
Pre-Raphaelite / symbolic realism

Anglican vs Catholic: catholic church is a whore, maltreating her sheep, distracting the shepherd
shakespeare ref: king lear
Courbet - The Meeting (Bonjour Mr Courbet) - 1854
Realism - france
initiator of realism in france: radical
Wallis - The death of Chatterton - 1856
Pre-Raphaelite (associate)
Millet - The Gleaners - 1857
Realism - france

barbizon school
influences from Corot & Constable
socialist, social realism
> the trivial serves to express the sublime
Delacroix - Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains - 1863
Late romanticism - france
Edouard Manet - Déjeuner sur l'herbe - 1863
Realism/Impressionism - France

revolutionary > nuded vs naked
victorine meurent
Couture - Realist Painting - 1865
Realism - france

taught Manet
Meissonnier - Ruins of the Tuileries - 1871
Claude Monet - Impression Soleil Levant - 1872
Impressionism - france
Renoir - Danse at the Moulin de La Galette - 1876
Impressionism - france

Da vinci > sfumato technique > did not only blur outlines but 'inlines' as well
Claus - the picknick - 1887
Illuminism
Van Gogh - Portrait of Père Tanguy - 1888
early/start Expressionism

thick paint
"objective correllatives" (Yeats?)
Van Gogh - Falling Autumn Leaves - 1888
early/start Expressionism
Van Gogh - Large Plane Trees - 1889
early/start Expressionism
Van Gogh - Wheat Field behind Saint Paul Hospital with a Reaper - 1889

early/start Expressionism
Munch - The dance of life - 1899-1900
Symbolism (edging towards expressionism?)
Klimt - Judith I - 1901
Symbolism/art nouveau

Carrying the head of Holofernes BUT not carrying a sword so could also be Salomé
Cézanne - Mont Ste Victoire - 1904
Expressionism

Concerned with form and structure and how to achieve solidity and depth through colour, and not necessarily trough correct drawing/perspective, etc
Matisse - The Green Stripe (Mme Matisse) - 1905
Fauvism
Picasso - Les Demoisselles d'Avignon - 1907
Cubism

The haptic element
this is his first real cubist work
Braque - Castle at La Roche-Guyon -1909
Cubism
Heckel - Little Pheasant Castle in Moritzburg - 1910
Die Brücke
Almanach der Blaue Reiter - München - Kandinsky - 1912

"concerning the spiritual in art"
Franz Marc - Deer in the Forest - 1913
Der blaue reiter (cubist?)
Munch - Girls on the Bridge - 1920 (?)
Symbolism
Feininger - Barfuesserkirche I - 1924
Orphism
> cubism + fauvism + futurism
Magritte - The key to the fields - 1936
Surrealism
Picasso - Guernica - 1937
Cubism
Magritte - The future of statues - 1937
Surrealism

Plaster cast, painted
Dali - Apparition of Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach - 1938
Surrealism
Magritte - L'exception - 1963
Surrealism
Dali - Station of Perpignan - 1965
Surrealism
De Cordier - Groeten uit Schoorisse - 1994-5
Contemporary
Sam Taylor Wood - Wood Soliloquy - 1998
Contemporary