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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patau Syndrome |
Trisomy 13 Small eyes, microcephalic Cleft lip/palate Polydactyly Scalp Lesions |
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Edwards syndrome |
Trisomy 18 Rocker bottom feet Micrognathia Low-set ears Overlapping fingers |
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Fragile X |
Learning difficulties Macro-orchidism Macro-cephaly Long face Large ears |
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Noonan syndrome |
Webbed neck Short stature Pectus Excavatum Pulmonary stenosis |
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Pierre-Robin Syndrome |
Micrognathia Posterior displacement of the tongue Cleft palate |
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Prader-Willi syndrome |
Micro-orchadism Hypotonia Obesity |
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William's Syndrome |
Friendly, extroverted personality Short stature Learning difficulties Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia Supravalvular aortic stenosis |
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No school exclusion |
Roseola Conjunctivitis Fifth disease Infectious mononucleosis Threadworms Head lice |
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24 hours from commencing antibiotics |
Scarlet Fever |
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Four days from onset of rash |
Measles |
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Five days from onset of rash |
Chicken Pox |
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Five days from onset of swollen glands |
Mumps |
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Five days from commencing antibiotics |
Whooping cough |
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6 days from onset of rash |
Rubella |
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Until symptoms have settled for 48 hours |
Diarrhoea and vomiting |
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Until lesions have crusted over |
Impetigo |
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Until treated |
Scabies |
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Until recovered |
Influenza |
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DM - 3 months |
Little/no head lag Lying on abdomen Good head control Reaches for object - will hold rattle for short time Visually alert - 180 degree vision Turns to sound, quietens to parents voice Squeals |
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DM - 6 months |
Pulls self to sitting Rolls Not shy Puts hand on bottle Palmar grasp - one hand to another. Looks in every direction. Double syllables |
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GM - 7-8 months |
Sits unaided Refer 12 months |
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DM - 9 months |
Pulls to standing Crawls Shy Takes everything to mouth Plays peek a boo Points with finger Early pincer Says mamm/dada Understands no |
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DM - 12 months |
Cruises Walks holding 1 hand Drinks from cup and uses spoon Waves bye bye Good pincer - bangs toys together Knows and responds to own name |
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DM - 13-15 months |
Walks unaided - refer at 18 months Helps getting undressed Tower of 2 Knows 2-6 words - refer 18 months Understand simple commands |
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DM - 18 months |
Squats to pick up toys Takes off shoes and hat Plays alone Tower of 3 Circular scribble |
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DM - 2 years |
Running Walking up and down stairs holding on Competent with spoon Puts on hat and shoes Plays near others but not with them Tower of 6 Copies vertical line Combines 2 words Points to body parts |
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DM - 3 years |
Tricycle with pedals Walks upstairs without holding on Uses spoon and fork Tower of 9 Copies circle Talks in short sentences, colours, counts to 10 Asks what and who |
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DM - 4 years |
Hops on one leg Plays with other children Dresses independently Copies cross Ask why, when, how |
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Benzylpenicillin Doses |
< 1 years - 300mg 1-10 years - 600mg > 10 years - 1200mg |
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Amber/Intermediate Risk |
Pallor Decreased activity Nasal flaring RR > 50 6-12 months, RR > 40 > 12 months O2 sats < 95 %, crackles HR > 160 < 12 months, HR > 150 12-24 months, HR > 140 > 2-5 years Cap refill> 3 secs, dry mucous membranes, poor feeding, reduced urine output. 3-6 months > 39 degrees, rigors, fever > 5 days |
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Red/Serious risk |
Pale/mottled/ashen/blue No response, weak, high pitched cry Chest indrawing, grunting RR > 60 Reduced skin turgor < 3 months > 38 degrees Seizures Bulging fontanelle Non-blanching rash, neck stiffness |
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Vaccine 2 months |
Dip/Tet/Pert, Polio, Hib, Pneumococcal Oral Rotavirus Men B |
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Vaccine 3 months |
Dip/Tet/Pert, Polio, Hib, Men C Oral Rotavirus |
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Vaccine 4 months |
Dip/Tet/Pert, Polio, Hib, Pneumococcal Men B |
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Vaccine 12 - 13 months |
Hib, Men C, MMR, Pneumococcal, Men B |
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Vaccine 2-3 years |
Annual Nasal Flu Vaccine |
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Vaccine 3-4 years |
MMR, Dip/Pert/Tet, Polio |
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Vaccine 12-13 years |
HPV |
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Vaccine 13-18 years |
Dip/Tet, Polio, Men C |
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Croup |
Parainfluenza virus 6 months - 3 years Autumn Stridor, barking cough (worse at night), fever, coryzal symptoms Mx - all children - oral dexamethasone - 0.15mg/Kg. If stridor/breathing difficulties - hospital - oxygen/adrenaline |
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Primary Prevention |
Preventing disease/accident from occuring Smoking cessation Speed limits Stair gates Teaching Road safety Window latches |
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Secondary Prevention |
Preventing injury from accident Cycling helmets Seat belts Speed limits Smoke alarms Laminated safety glass |
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Tertiary Prevention |
Limiting impact of accident First aid |
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Nephrotic Syndrome |
Triad - proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema 2-5 years Minimal change glomerulonephritis 90 % cases respond to high dose steroids Hypercoagulation, hyperlipidaemia, increased infection |
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Whooping cough |
Bordatella Pertussis 2-3 days coryzal symptoms - coughing bouts with vomiting, inspiratory whoop, subconjunctival haemorrhages, 10-14 weeks, lymphocytosis Mx - erythromycin - reduced spread Vaccine - pregnant women 28-38 weeks pregnant |
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Hand, foot and mouth disease |
Coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71 Children < 10 years Sore throat, fever, oral ulcers, vesicles on palms and soles of feet. No school exclusion needed. |
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Migraine |
Most common cause of headache Boys=girls until puberty - girls > boys Mx - ibuprofen > paracetamol, specialists commence triptans. Prophylaxis - pizotifen, propranolol, valproate, topiramate, amitriptyline. |
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Tension-type headache |
Second most common cause of headache Diagnosis: A - at least 10 previous episodes fulfilling B-D B - at least 2 of: pressing/pulsating quality, doesn't inhibit activity, bilateral, not aggrevated by activity. C - both of: no vomiting/nausea, no photophobia or phonophobia (1 can be present) |
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DM - 6 weeks |
Smiles |
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DM - 3 months |
Laughs Enjoys friendly handling |
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DM - 5 years |
Uses knife and fork |
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Measles |
RNA Paramyxovirus - spread by droplets Infective from prodrome until 4 days after rahs Prodrome - irritable, conjunctivitis, fever Koplik spots Rash - behind ears - whole body - discrete maculopapular rash - blotchy - confluent. Give MMR within 72 hours |
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Measles Complications |
Encephalitis - 1-2 weeks after illness Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - rare 5-10 years after illness Febrile convulsions Giant cell pneumonia Keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulceration Diarrhoea Appendicitis Myocarditis |
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Rubella |
Rash - pink maculopapular on face - spread to whole body fades within 3-5 days Suboccipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy |
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Erythema Infectiosum |
Slap cheek syndrome - parvovirus B19 - 5th disease Lethargy, fever, headache Slapped cheek rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces. |
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UTI Mx |
If < 3 months - refer hospital > 3 months and suspect upper UTI - hospital. Abxs - co-amoxiclav/cephalosporing for 7-10 days Children > 3 months - lower UTI - Abxs according to local guidelines |
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6 week check |
Red light reflex Heart sounds DDH Testis Weight and head circumference Immunisations, feeding, sleeping, maternal mental health, car safety. |
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Vital Signs < 1 year |
HR - 100-160 RR - 30-40 |
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Vital Signs 1-2 years |
HR - 100-150 RR - 25-35 |
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Vital Signs 2-5 years |
HR - 90-140
RR - 25-30 |
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Vital Signs 5-12 years |
HR - 80-120
RR - 20-25 |
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Vital Signs > 12 years |
HR - 60-100 RR - 15-20 |
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Infantile colic |
Infants < 3 months Bouts of excessive crying and pulling up of legs Worse in the evening 20 % infants Cause - unknown |
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Scarlet Fever |
Group A haemolytic strep. 2-6 years - peak 4 years. Fever, malaise, tonsillitis, strawberry tongue, fine punctate erythema - first on torso and sparing the face, rough sandpaper, desquamation later in illness. Diagnose - throat swab. Mx - penicillin V. |
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UTI imaging |
< 6 months - 1st UTI that responds to treatment - USS within 6 weeks. < 6 months and atypical infection - USS, 4-6 weeks DMSA and MCUG. > 6 months - 1st UTI that responds to treamtne - no need to image unless atypical organism or recurrent infection |
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Features suggestive of atypical UTI |
Seriously ill Poor urine flow Abdominal or bladder mass Raised creatinine Septicaemia Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48 hours Infection with non-E. coli organisms |
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Features suggestive of pyelonephritis |
Fever > 38 or history of fever + bacteriuria or Fever < 38 + loin tenderness + bacteriuria |
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Bronchiolitis |
RSV < 1 year - peak at 3-6 months. Coryzal symptoms, cough, breathlessness, wheezing, feeding difficulties. Hospital - poor feeding, lethargy, apnoea, RR > 70, nasal flaring/grunting, chest wall recession, cyanosis, o2 sats < 94 % Mx - humidified O2 via headbox |
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Day and night time urinary continence |
3-4 years |
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SIDS Risk factors |
Prematurity Smokers Males Bottle feeders Hyperthermia Lower social class Bay sleeping prone Drug use Multiple births Winter |
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Adoption |
Average age - 4 years. Need to be at least 21 to adopt. Need to live with adoptive parents for 3 months prior to adoption. At 18 years - entitled to original birth certificate. |
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Risk of Down's syndrome on Maternal age |
20 years - 1 in 1,500 30 years - 1 in 900 35 years - 1 in 300 40 years - 1 in 100 45 years - 1 in 50 or greater. If less than 35 years - chance of another baby with Down's 1 in 100. |
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Rotavirus Vaccine |
Oral, live attenuated vaccine. 2 doses. 1st given at 2 months and the 2nd at 3 months. If given after 14 weeks + 2 days and 23 weeks + 6 days - theoretical risk of intusssusception. Long-term protection. |
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Undescended Testis |
2-4 % term male infants. 25 % bilateral. Complications - infertility, torsion, testicular cancer, psychological. Mx - orchidopexy - referral considered at 6 months. |
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Male puberty |
1st sign - testicular growth at 12 years. Testicular volume > 4 ml - onset of puberty. Maximum height spurt at 14 years. |
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Female puberty |
1st sign - breast development at 11.5 years. Maximum height spurt - 12 years prior to menarche. Menarche at 13 years. Increas in height of only 4 % after menarche. |
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Tonsillitis Criteria for Tonsillectomy |
Sore throat due to acute tonsillitis Disabling and prevent normal function >= 7 episodes in the preceding year OR >=5 episodes in each of the preceding 2 years OR >=3 episodes in each of the preceding 3 years |
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Guthrie Test |
5-9 days of life CF Congenital hypothyroidism Phenylketonuria Sickle cell MCADD |
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Live attenuated Vaccines |
BCG MMR Oral polio Yellow fever Oral typhoid Nasal influenza Varicella Zoster Oral rotavirus |
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Benzylpenicillin doses |
< 1 year - 300mg 1-10 years - 600mg > 10 years - 1200mg |
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Precocious puberty |
Females < 8 years. Males < 9 years. |
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Diptheria |
Gram positive bacterium - toxin producing. Causes a diptheric membrane on tonsils caused by necrotic mucosal cells. Systemic distribution - necrosis of myocardial, neural and renal tissue. Bulky cervical lymphadenopathy. |
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Febrile convulsions |
6 months and 5 years. 3 % children. Last less than 5 minutes. Risk of further convulsion - 30 %. If no focal signs, last < 30 minutes and single seizure - chance of epilepsy - 1 % In 1 % that have these features - chance of epilepsy - 50 %. |
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Jaundice |
Early neonatal jaundice < 24 hrs - haemolytic disease, infection, autoimmune. 24 hours-3 weeks - physiological, breastmilk, infection, polycythaemia, haemolysis. > 3 weeks - hypothyroidism, biliary atresia - prolonged jaundice screen. |
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Squint |
Concommitant - imbalance in extraoccular muscles - convergent (eye deviates inwards) more common than divergent (eye deviates outwards). Paralytic - paralysis of eye muscles. |
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Congenital Rubella |
Sensorineural deafness, cataracts, heart disease, glaucoma, growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, purpuric skin lesions, cerebral palsy. |
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Congenital CMV |
Growth retardation, purpuric skin lesions, sensoineural deafness, encephalitis, seizures, pneuomonitis, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, jaundice, cerebral palsy. |
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Congenital Toxoplasmosis |
Cerebral calcification, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, cerebral palsy. |
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Tetralogy of Fallot |
Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease - presents 1-2 months - may not present until 6 months. VSD Right ventricular hypertrophy Overriding aorta Right ventricular outflow obstruction - pulmonary stenosis |
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Anaphylaxis < 6 months |
Adrenaline 150 micrograms - 0.15 ml of 1:1,000 Hydrocortisone 25 mg Chloramphenamine 250 micrograms/Kg |
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Anaphylaxis 6 months - 6 years |
Adrenaline 150 micrograms - 0.15 ml of 1:1,000 Hydrocortisone 50 mg Chloramphenamine 2.5 mg |
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Anaphylaxis 6-12 years |
Adrenaline 300 micrograms - 0.30 ml of 1:1,000 Hydrocortisone 100 mg Chloramphenamine 5 mg |
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Anaphylaxis > 12 years |
Adrenaline 500 micrograms - 0.50 ml of 1:1,000 Hydrocortisone 200 mg Chloramphenamine 10 mg |
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Fetal Varicella Syndrome |
skin scarring, eye defect (microphthalmia), limb hypoplasia, microcephaly, learning disabilities. |
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Rectal diazepam |
Neonate - 1.25-2.5mg 1 month - 2 years - 5mg 2-12 years - 5-10mg 12-18 years - 10mg Adult - 10-20mg (max 30mg) Elderly - 10mg (max 15mg) |
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Head lice treatment |
Wet combing Malathion Dimeticone Isopropyl myristate and cyclomethicone |
