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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is BMI?
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Body Mass Index
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What BMI is considered overweight?
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BMI >25
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What BMI is considered obese?
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BMI > 30
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A Higher than normal BMI is considered a risk factor for what conditions/diseases
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diabetes, heart disease, stroke,hypertension,osteoarthritis, sleep apnea syndrome, some cancers
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If BMI is higher than normal what should be done and what are the limits
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Measure the pts waist,pt may have increased body fat if measurement equal or exceed 35in women, 40in men
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Classification of Overweight and obesity by BMI
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Underweight < 18.5
Normal 18.5-24.9 Overweight 25.0-29.9 Obesity I 30.0-34.9 II 35.0-39.0 III = or > 40 |
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what are the Clinical Guidelines on the identification ,evaluation & treatment of overweight & obese adults
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10% reduction over6 months or 300-500 calorie decrease for BMI 27-35, 1/2 to 1 lb per week more does not lead to better results.
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What should be a concern if BMI falls below 18.5
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anorexia nervosa bulimia or other conditions (review table pg. 116 for differences)
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Rapid changes in weight over a few days may suggest?
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changes in body fluids, not tissue, several pounds of fluid may appear as edema.
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Causes of weight loss can include?
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GI diseases,endcrine disorders,chronic infections
malignancy,chronic cardiac,pulmonary,renal failure,depression,anorexia,bulimia |
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Weight loss with relatively high food intake may suggest?
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diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism,or malabsorption,also consider binge eating and clandetine vomiting
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malnutrition can be associated with psychosocial issues such as:
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Poverty,old age, social isolation, physical diability,mental or emotional impairment,no teeth,ill fitting dentures,alcohol or drug abuse
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Fatigue is a common symptom of anxiety states or depression but else should be considered?
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Infections(hepatitis,mono,TB)
Endocrine disorders, heart failure,chronic lung liver kidney,nutrition deficits,electrolyte imbalance,anemia,cancers,meds |
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Weakness denotes demonstrable loss of muscle if localized in a neuruanatomic pattern may suggest:
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possible neuropathy or myopathy
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Feeling cold, goosebumps and shivering accompany what type of change in body temp?
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A rise in body Temp
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Feeling hot and sweating accompany what type of change in body Temp?
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A falling body temp.
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Why should you inquire about meds when evaluating fever?
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Some may cause fever and others aspirin NSADs ,acetaminophen, corticosteriods may mask
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What 3 are important topics for Health promotion and counseling
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optimal weight & nutrition
Excercise BP and diet |
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Adolescent females and women of child bearing age should increase intake of which nutrients?
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Iron and folic acid
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Adults over 50 should choose foods rich in which nutrients?
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Vitamin B12 and calcium.
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What are Vital signs?
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Blood pressure, temperature, heart rate,respiratory rate
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What is considered normal BP in adults >18?
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< 120mm Hg systolic and <80mmHg Diastolic
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What is considered Prehypertension in adults >18?
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120-139 mmHg systolic and 80-89mmHg diastolic
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What are the criteria for hypertension Stage I and II?
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Stage I 140-159mmHg systolic &90-99mmHg diastolic
Stage II =or>160systolic & = or > 100 diastolic |
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When systolic and diastolic pressures fall in different categories how do you categorize?
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Use the higher category
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What can a pressure difference of 10-15mmHg from one arm to another indicate?
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arterial compression or obstruction on the side with the lower pressure
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For a diagnosis of Hypertension what evaluation criteria should be met before diagnosis?
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The mean of 2 or more properly measured seated BP readings on 2 or more office visits, verified on contralateral arm.
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Normally there may be a difference of how many mmHg from arm to arm and which should be used
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5mmHg and sometimes up to 10mmHg the higher arm should be used.
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What is orthostatic or postural blood pressure?
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drop in systolic BP of > or equal to 20mmHg systolic or in diastolic > or equal to 10mmHg within 3 min of standing
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What is the name of the sounds heard when taking BP?
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Korotkoff sounds
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What can be causes of orthostatic or postural hypotension?
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drugs, loss of blood, prolonged bed rest,diseases of autonomic nervous system
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What is white coat hypertension?
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Anxiety related to office visits last for several visits, occurs in 12% to 25% of patients
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In obese patients a BP cuff that is too small can lead to:
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Overestimation of systolic BP
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Coarctation of the aorta and occlusive aortic disease are distinguished by:
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hypertension in upper extremeties,low BP in legs and diminished or delayed femoral pulses
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When you cannot hear Korotoff sounds you may be able to estimate systolic pressure this way.
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Palpation
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When evaluating pulse Irregular rhythms may indicate
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atrial or ventricular premature contractions or atrial fibrillation
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Irregularly Irregular rhythms on pulse indicate
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Atrial fibrillation
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What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
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14 to 20 breaths per minute.
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Prolonged expirations may indicate what?
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Narrowing of bronchioles.
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Slow breathing (bradypnea) may be secondary to:
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diabetic coma, drug induced respiratory depression,and increased intracrainial pressure
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Rapid shallow breathing (tachypnea)can be caused by:
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restrictive lung disease,pleuritic chest pain,and elevated diaphram
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Rapid deep breathing(Hyperpnea or hyperventilation) can be caused by
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exercise, anxiety and metabolic acidosis,
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Hyperpnea or hyperventilation in the comatose pt. may indicate:
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infarctin,hypoxia,or hypoglycemia affecting the midbrain or pons.
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What is Kussmaul breathing?
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deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis. It may be fast normal in rate or slow.
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What is cheyne-Stokes Breathing and hat can it indicate?
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periods of deep breathing W/ periods of apnea,normal in kids and aging, other causes heart failure,uremia,drug induced res. depression,brain damage
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What is Ataxic or Biots breathing, what can it indicate?
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unpredictable irregularity,breaths an be shallow or deep & stop shortly,may be brain damage,(medullary level)respiratory depression.
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What is sighing respiration and what can it indicate?
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breating w/ frequent sighs,
may be hyperventiatin syndrome(common cause of dizziness)occasional sighs normal |
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In obstructive lung disease why is expiration prolonged?
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Narrowed airways increase resistance to air flow.causes include asthma,chronic bronchitis& COPD
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Elevated body temperature is called fever or:
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Pyrexia
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Abnormally high temperature is refered to as:
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Hyperpyrexia over 41.1 C (106F)
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What are causes for fever?
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infection,trauma such as surgery or crush injuries,Ca,blood disorders, collegen vascular disease,drug reactions.
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What is the chief cause of of hypothermia? name other causes
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#1exposure to cold,sepsis
excess alcohol,hypoglycemia elderly especially susceptable |
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What is normal oral temp?
Which is normally higher oral, rectal or axillary? which is least accurate? method |
37C or 98.6
rectal higher axillary least accurate. |