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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different types of Blood Pressure Monitors?
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1. Mercury Sphygmomanometer (most accurate and reliable)
2. Aneroid 3. Digital: Automated (Possible 10% difference) |
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Name a Fecal Occult Blood Test Kit
What colors does it turn if positive for Blood? What should be avoided before testing? |
EZ Detect
turns blue-green (positive for blood) Avoid NSAIDS, ointment, suppositories, Vitamin C, and Mineral oil |
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What are two ways to test or predict ovulation?
Tells best 2 days to conceive... What does it detect? |
1. Basal Thermometry
(basal resting temperature is below normal during first part of female reproductive cycle) 2. Ovulation predicting kits (Clearblue Easy Ovulation Test, Easy Read, Digital) Detects the surge of Luteinizing hormone (occurs 24-36 hours before ovulation) |
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What do Pregnancy Test Kits test for?
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hCG- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (produced by placenta)
Ex. E.P.T. and Clearblue Easy Digital Pregnancy Test Use first morning urine |
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How do AIDS testing kits work?
Name two kits. |
detects HIV-1antibodies in blood sample
Home Access HIV-1 Test System (7 days) Express HIV 1 System (1 day) |
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Ketostix tests for what?
Ketodiastix tests for what? Uristix tests for what? |
Ketostix- Ketones
Ketodiastix- Glucose and Ketones Uristix- protein and glucose |
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Home Urinary Tract Infection Tests screen for what?
Positive if what happens? What does AZO Test strips test for? |
Nitrite
Nitrate reduced to Nitrite by gram- negative bacteria Color change indicates UTI AZO Tests- WBCs and nitrite |
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Name the two types of tests for Glucose in the urine
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1. Copper Reduction (Clinitest)
2. Glucose Oxidase (Diastix, Clinistix) |
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What is Clinitest?
What colors indicate what? What can Ascorbic Acid, cephalosporins, INH, l-dopa, Penicillins, Salicylates do to results? |
Copper Reduction test for glucose in the urine
Cupric Sulfate (Blue)= negative Cuprous Oxide (Orange)= positive False- Positive Results |
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What is Clinistix?
Ascorbic Acid, Aspirin, Ferrous Sulfate, l dopa do what to results? |
Glucose oxidase test for glucose in urine
False- Negative Results |
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What are the 2 types of Blood Glucose Tests?
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1. Instrument reading of color-based reaction (older method)
2. Enzyme-Electrode technology (most common) |
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How does A1C Tests work?
What should your A1C be if you are diabetic? |
A1CNOW SELFCHECK for Patients
HbA1c- identifies the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time measures % of glycated hemoglobin Should be under 7% |
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What is Edetic acid?
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Stabilizer in eye products
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What is Sodium Hydroxide?
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Buffer in eye products
Tears have pH of 7.4 |
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What is Benzalkonium CL?
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Preservative in eye products
sometimes stings |
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What is Sodium Chloride in eye products?
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Tonicity adjuster
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What is Methylcellulose in eye products?
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Viscosity-increasing agent
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What are vaseline and mineral oil in eye products?
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Vehicles in ophthalmic ointments
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What is Boric Acid in eye products
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Anti-infective
being phased out |
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What is Zinc sulfate 0.25% in eye products?
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Astringent
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What are Tetrahydrozoline and Oxymetazoline in in eye products?
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Decongestant/ Vasoconstrictors
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What are Pheniramine and Ketotifen in eye products?
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Antihistamines
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What is Zaditor?
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Ketotifen
structurally related to loratidine Antihistamine |
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Name some Artificial tear products
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1. Hypotears
2. Refresh Tears 3. Refresh Liquigel 4. Refresh Celluvisc 5. Refresh Ointment: Lacri-lube 6. Tears Naturale, Tears Naturale II 7. Refresh Celluvisc (single use container) 8. Systane: PEG 400, propylene Glycol, Water, Systane Ultra *** |
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Name 2 Decongestant eye products and their main ingredient?
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Visine Original (Tetrahydrozoline)
Visine L.R. (Oxymetazoline) |
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Name some eyewash products
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Collyrium Eye Wash
Eyestream no active ingredient- just flushing action |
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What is used to clean artificial eyes?
What are the ingredients? |
Enuclene: Benzalkonium Chloride and Tyloxapol
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Name Antihistamine/ Decongestant eye products?
What is just an antihistamine product? |
Visine-A
Naphcon-A Pheniramine Maleate (antihistamine) Naphazoline HCl (vasoconstrictor, decongestant) Ketotifen products (Zaditor, etc) |
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What eye product is used for temporary relief of corneal edema?
What is its main ingredient? |
MURO-128 (NaCl 2 & 5%)
HYPERtonic- draws water out of eye |
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What should be used when foreign objects/ bugs get into ear?
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Olive oil or mineral oil
NOT Water |
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What is used to treat External otitis?
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2/3 white vinegar
1/3 alcohol |
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What is used for Swimmer's ear? (too much moisture)
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White vinegar and alcohol or glycerin (1 tsp)
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What can cause Tinnitus?
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1. Aspirin/NSAIDs
2. Quinine 3. NSAIDs, Salicylates, aminoglycosides 4. Caffeine |
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What component of otic products inhibits growth of microbes?
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Acetic Acid
(vinegar) |
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What component of otic products is used as Astringent?
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Aluminum acetate
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What component of otic products is used as local anesthetic?
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Benzocaine
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What component of otic products is a weak acid?
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Boric acid
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What component of otic products releases oxygen and cleans debrides?
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Carbamide peroxide
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What component of otic products will cause maceration if too much is used?
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Hydrogen peroxide
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What component of otic products is good for drying (Humectant action)?
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Glycerin
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What is in Swim ear?
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Isopropyl alcohol 95%
and Glycerin 5% |
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What is in Debrox?
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Carbamide peroxide and glycerin
softens, loosen, and removes excessive earwax |
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What is in Murine Ear Wax Removal System Kit?
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carbamide peroxide
and glycerin with bulb syringe |
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Diarrhea vs Dysentery
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Diarrhea- increased volume, fluidity, or frequency of bowel movements
Dysentery- disease marked by frequent watery stools, often with blood and mucus and characterized by pain, fever, and dehydration |
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Acute vs Chronic Diarrhea
What causes each? |
Acute- infectious (Viral, Bacterial, Protozoal)
Chronic- more than 2 weeks ( Psychogenic, laxative abuse, cancer, diabetic visceral neuropathy, hyperthyroidism) |
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Drug induced diarrhea from which drugs?
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Antibiotics (Erythromycin)
Quinidine Colchicine Chemotherapy drugs Cyctotec Reglan (Metoclopramide) Magnseium salts Amitiza (Lubiprostone) |
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What are some Food induced diarrhea?
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1. Lactase deficiency
2. Sorbitol (in sugar-free gum, cough syrups) |
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What are the 5 main Rx treatment types for diarrhea?
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1. Questran
2. Antimicrobials 3. Opium Tincture (CII) 4. Paregoric (CIII) 5. Lomotil (Diphenoxylate with Atropine, CV) |
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Opium Tincture vs. Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric)
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Opium Tincture:
10mg morphine/ mL Dose- 10 drops in water PO 1-4 daily Paregoric (Camphorated Tincture of Opium): 2 mg morphine/ 5 mL 0.4 mg morphine/ mL Dose- 1-2 tsp PO 1-4 times daily |
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Ingredients in Lomotil?
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Diphenoxylate with Atropine sulfate (CV)
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Name antidiarrheal products with Bismuth subsalicylate and its counseling points
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Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate
- Reyes warning -No Coumadin -No Plavix -May cause dark tongue and stool |
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Name antidiarrheal with Polycarbophil
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Equalactin
Fibercon absorbs 60-100 times its weight in fluids |
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Name antidiarrheal with Kaolin
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Kaopectate
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Name antidiarrheal with Pectin
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Kaopectate
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What is the active ingredient in Imodium A-D?
Recommended dose? |
Loperamide 2 mg per tablet
Loperamide 1 mg per teaspoonful Adult dose: 4mg after first BM 2mg after each subsequent BM 8 mg max per day NMT 2 days |
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What is in Imodium Multiple-Symptom Relief (formerly Imodium Advanced)
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Loperamide 2 mg plus simethicone 125 mg
to treat diarrhea complicated by gas, bloating, and cramps |
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What is in Lactinex tablets?
Daily dose? |
Lactobacillus
replenishes normal bacterial flora recommended dose is 4 tablets daily |
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What is in AlternaGEL?
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Aluminum Hydroxide gel
slows peristalsis |
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Name some Probiotic products
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1. Lactinex tablets or granules
2. DanActive Milk-Like Drink 3. Activia Creamy Flavored Yogurt 4. Florastor Capsules 5. Align Capsules 6. Yogurt |
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What is the Nationwide toll-free poison control center number?
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1-800-222-1222
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Methods to induce emesis
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1. Syrup of Ipecac
2. Liquid Dishwashing detergent (NOT laundry or dishwasher detergent) 3. Salt water 4. Mustard water 5. Mechanically induced vomiting |
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What is the dose and ingredients of Syrup of Ipecac?
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Two Alkaloids: Emetine and Cephaeline
Adult: 15-30 cc PO with 1-2 glasses of water Children 1-12: 15 cc PO with 1-2 glasses of water person should be in upright position with head forward |
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What two classes of ingredients are found in anti-emetic non prescription products?
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1. Antacids
2. Antihistamines |
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Name Antihistamine products used as antiemetics.
What are their active ingredients and dosaging? |
1. Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
25-50mg every 4-6 hours 2. Dramamine and Triptone (Dimenhydrinate 50 mg) 50 mg every 4-6 hours 3. Bonine and Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula (Meclizine 25 mg) 25 mg every 24 hours 4. Marezine (Cyclizine 50 mg) 50 mg every 4-6 hours |
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What is the water-soluble B complex vitamin that might be effective in treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy?
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Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
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What is Emetrol?
What is the dosaging? What are some counseling points? |
Emetrol- Phosphorated Carbohydrate Solution; mixture of Levulose (Fructose), Dextrose (Glucose), and Phosphoric acid
ANTIEMETIC Dose: 1-2 TBSP at 15 min intervals until vomiting stops. NMT 5 doses nor longer than 1 hour Do NOT consume other liquids for 15 minutes after taking dose |
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Name some Weight Control Products
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1. Orlistat
2. Xenical Capsules 120 mg (Rx) 3. Alli capsules 60 mg (OTC) |
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How do you calculate BMI?
What is the range for: -Ideal -Overweight -Obese |
lbs x 703/ height in inches squared= BMI
18.5-24.9= Ideal 25-29.9= Overweight 30-39.9= Obese |
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What is considered to be only safe and effective nonprescription drug for use as sleep aid?
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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Name 4 Diphenhydramine products and their strengths
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1. Unisom sleepgels 50 mg
2. Sominex Max. 50 mg 3. Simply Sleep 25 mg 4. Sominex Original Formula tablets 25 mg |
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What is the ingredient in Unisom Sleeptabs: Nighttime Sleep Aid tablets
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25 mg Doxylamine Succinate
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Combination sleep products with analgesics
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Excedrin PM (APAP 500 plus Diphenhydramine Citrate 38 mg)
Tylenol PM (APAP 500 plus Diphenhydramine HCl 25 mg) Legatrin PM (APAP 500 mg plus Diphenhydramine HCl 50 mg) |
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Name some additional sleep products besides Diphenhydramine
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Melatonin 3mg
Valerian Kava |
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Name some Stimulant Products that contain Caffeine
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Vivarin and No Doz
(Caffeine 200 mg) |
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How does caffeine work?
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Adenosine-receptor antagonist
it promotes neurotransmitter release allowing stimulatory effects |
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DRI vs RDA
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Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)- intended for healthy persons as a part of the normal diet to reduce the risk of chronic disease and developmental disorders
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)- levels of daily intake of essential nutrients judged to be adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of most healthy persons |
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Lack of which Vitamin leads to Alzheimers?
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B12
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What are the fat soluble vitamins?
What are the water soluble vitamins? |
Fat Soluble:
Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Water Soluble: Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folic Acid Niacin Vitamin C Vitamin P Vitamin H |
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Name drugs that may affect lipid absorption therefore Fat Soluble Vitamins
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Cholestyramine (Questran)- binds to bile acids
Mineral Oil- increases fecal elimination of lipids Xenical or Alli (Orlistat)- inhibits fat absorption in GI tract |
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Vitamin A
What are other names for it? What food is it found in? What happens if you have deficiency? What is DRI? Adverse Effects? |
Retinol
Retinoids Carotenoids Beta Carotene DRI: 2330- 3000 IU Fish, Butter, Cream, Eggs, Milk, Organ meats Deficiency: Night blindness, susceptibility to infection, dry skin, etc. Adverse Effect: Hypervitaminosis A- abdominal upset, bone and joint pain, loss of body hair, brittle nails, bulging eyes, rough and scaly skin, edema, mouth fissures, death, etc. |
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Vitamin D
What are other names for it? What is DRI? What foods is it found in? If Deficiency? Adverse Effects? Counseling? |
Calciferol
DRI: 200-600 IU Milk, Butter, Eggs, Animal livers Deficiency: Osteomalacia and rickets Adverse Effects: Hypercalcemia, kidney stones, anorexia, nausea, weakness, aches, renal failure, etc. Counseling: don't take too much may be harmful |
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Which Vitamin is also a Hormone?
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Vitamin D (Calciferol)
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Vitamin E
Other names? DRI? What foods it's in? If Deficient? Adverse effects? |
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
DRI: 15 mg per day Weat germ, whole grains, nuts, green vegetables, vegetable oils, etc. Deficiencies: Neurologic abnormalties and reproductive failures Adverse effect: may enhance Warfarin There are different forms of Vitamin E: Alpha Tocopherol, d, l alpha tocopherol, gamma, soluble |
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Vitamin K
Other names? DRI? Important for? Found in? |
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
DRI: 90-120 mcg per day found in spinach, kale ,cabbage, cauliflower, green tea Important for Clotting mechanism DO NOT CHANGE EATING HABITS WHEN TAKING COUMADIN (Vitamin K antagonist) Oral or parental vitamin K may be used to counteract an overdose of Warfarin |
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Vitamin B1
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? Alternative use? |
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride)
DRI: 1.1-1.2 mg Hull of rice grains, pork , beef, fresh peas, beans Deficiency: Beriberi Possible use as insect repellent |
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Vitamin B2
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? |
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
DRI: 1.1-1.3 mg Found in meats, poultry, fish , dairy, grains, green vegetables Deficiency: Angular stomatitis (irritations at the corners of the mouth), Glossitis, Ocular symptoms: tired, watery, sore eyes may cause yellow-orange fluorescence or discoloration of the urine used for enzyme systems, cellular growth, tissue respiration |
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Vitamin B6
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? Drug Interactions? |
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
DRI: 1.3-1.7 mg Found in meats, cereals, lentils, nuts, and some fruits and vegetables, such as bananas Deficiency: Peripheral neuritis, convulsions, blood disorders important in heme production, metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fat Drug Interaction: Isoniazid exerts anti-B6 effect by inhibiting the formation of the coenzyme recommend 50 mg PO QD oral contraceptives decrease levels of B6 B6 antagonizes action of levodopa Too much = Nerve problems |
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Vitamin B12
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? |
Vitamine B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
DRI: 2.4 mcg Found in animal protein and select vegetables and fruits Deficiency: pernicious anemia |
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Folic Acid
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? |
Folic Acid (Pteroylglutamic Acid or Folate)
DRI: 400 mcg Found in nearly all natural foods Deficiency: sore mouth, diarrhea, pernicious anemia DNA synthesis, maturation, and cell production Drug Interaction: Phenytoin decreased and folic acid absorption inhibited If taking Folate antagonists (Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine) then patient needs Folinic acid- Leucovorin Calcium supplementation Normal diet; OTC vitamin, or both |
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Niacin
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? |
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
DRI: 14-16 mg Found most foods Deficiency: Pellagra Essential for lipid metabolism, tissue respiration, and glycogenolysis lowers cholesterol in large doses use 325mg Aspirin 30 minutes before Niacin to reduce flushing |
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Vitamin C
Other names? DRI? Found where? Deficiency leads to? Drug interactions? |
Vitamine C (Ascorbic Acid)
DRI: 75-90 mg Found in Citrus fruits, green and red peppers, broccoli, spinach, tomatoes, potatoes Deficiency: impaired wound healing, capillary hemorrhages, swollen bleeding gums, bone changes, weakness; scurvy Essential to protect capillary basement membrane, forms collagen and serves as anti-oxidant Copper reduction method (Clinitest)- may give false positive Glucose Oxidase method (Diastix or Clinistix)- may give false negative Drug interactions: Sulfonamides |
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Which Vitamins are being used to decrease homocysteine levels?
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B6 (Pyridoxine)
B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Folic Acid |
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What is Pantothenic Acid?
DRI? |
Pantothenic Acid
DRI: 5 mg Promoted as anti-stress and to prevent graying of hair precursor to coenzyme A |
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What are Bioflavonoids?
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Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P)
Claims to prevent colds Found in peels of fruits and vegetables |
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What is Biotin?
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Biotin (Vitamin H)
Required to varoius metabolic functions sources: liver, egg yolk, cauliflower, salmon, carrots, yeast |
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What is Choline?
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precursor of acetylcholine
obtained as either choline or lecithin some believe more choline equals more acetylcholine in the brain which prevents aging CHOLINE IS CONSIDERED TO BE LIPOTROPIC SUBSTANCE (STIMULATES REMOVAL OF EXCESS FAT FROM THE LIVER) |
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What is Inositol?
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Inositol
isomer of glucose; second messenger may have lipotropic action on fatty livers |
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What is DRI of Calcium?
max dose? Different types of Calcium supplements? |
Ca is required for Ach synthesis and aids in Vitamin B12 absorption, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and catalyzes several blood- clotting steps
DRI: 1000-1200 mg per day greater than 2 grams can be harmful 1. Calcium Carbonate (40%) 2. Calcium Citrate (21%) |
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Os-Cal
Caltrate Caltrate Plus D |
Os-Cal= 1250 mg Ca Carbonate (500 mg elemental Ca & D)
Caltrate= 1500 mg Ca Carbonate (600 mg elemental) Caltrate Plus D= 1500 mg Ca Carbonate (600 mg elemental) |
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Tums Reg
Tums EX Tums Ultra |
Tums Reg= 500mg Ca Carbonate (200 mg elemental)
Tums EX= 750 mg Ca Carbonate (300 mg elemental) Tums Ultra= 1000mg Ca Carbonate (400 mg elemental) |
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Viactiv
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Soft Calcium Chews
CaCO3 500 mg/chew + D +Vitamin K (Chocolate and Caramel) |
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Products with Calcium Citrate
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Citracal + D
good for patients with high gastric pH 21% elemental Calcium by weight |
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Which type of Calcium is water soluble?
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Calcium Citrate is water-soluble
Calcium Carbonate must be broken down by stomach acid before used |
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OTC products with Magnesium
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Slow- Mag
Magonate |
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RDA of Magnesium
Men Women |
Men: 350mg
Women: 280mg Magnesium is essential for all living cells |
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Phosphorus
RDA? |
structural component of bone matrix, phospholipids, carbohydrates, nucleoproteins, etc.
RDA: 800-1200 mg per day Do NOT overuse aluminum hydroxide as an antacid for prolonged periods of time |
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What is the normal Hemoglobin level in men and women?
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Men: 14-17 g/ 100 mL
Women: 12-14g/ mL Iron plays an important role in oxygen and electron transport |
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RDA of Iron for:
Men Women Pregnant |
Men: 10 mg
Women: 15 Pregnant: 30 Ferrous salts absorbed better than Ferric salts (Ferrous salts are preffered) |
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Name some Iron products?
Strength and how much elemental Iron? |
Ferrous Sulfate 325mg (65 mg elemental Fe)
Feosol Tablet 200 mg (65 mg elemental Fe) Ferrous Sulfate Elixir 220 mg per 5 mL (44 mg elemental Fe) Feosol Caplet (45 mg elemental Fe) Slow Fe (dried FeSO4) Fer-In-Sol 75 mg per 1 ml dropperful (15 mg elemental Fe) Fergon 240 mg (27 mg elemental Fe) Ferro-Sequals (50 mg Fe and docusate sodium) |
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How does food affect Fe absorption?
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Food may decrease amount of iron absorbed by as much as 50%
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Ferrous Sulfate Tablet
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325mg= 65 mg elemental iron
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Feosol Tablet
Feosol Caplet |
200 mg Tablet= 65mg elemental iron
Caplet= 45mg elemental iron |
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Ferrous Sulfate Elixir
Fer-In-Sol Drops |
Elixir 220mg/5 mL= 44 mg elemental iron
Fer-in-Sol Drops 75mg/ mL= 15 mg elemental iron |
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Slow Fe
Fergon |
Slow Fe= dried FeSO4
Fergon= Ferrous gluconate 240 mg= 27mg elemental iron |
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Ferro-Sequels
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Timed release Ferrous Fumarate= 50 mg elemental iron
also contains DOCUSATE SODIUM |
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What drug interactions do Ferrous Sulfate tablets have?
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Iron chelates with:
-Tetracyclines -Thyroid products -Fluoroquinolones Take Tetracycline 3 hours after or 2 hours before iron administration |
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Potassium Product and Strength?
Sources? What hormone regulates it? |
Potassium Gluconate 595 mg
*principle intracellular cation of most body tissues Source: beef, veal, ham, chicken, turkey, fish, milk, bananas, dates, prunes, raisins, avocados, cantaloupe, apricots, broccoli, brussel sprouts, lentil, potatoes, and spinach regulated by adrenal cortex hormone Aldosterone |
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Chromium
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functions to maintain normal glucose
found in liver, fish, whole-grains, and milk deficiencies: glucose intolerance, glucosuria |
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Cobalt
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Essential component of Vitamin B12
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Copper
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important in bone and blood vessel formation
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Fluorine
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occurs in bones and tooth enamal as calium salt
Toxicity (2 g taken as supplement) can be life-threatening symptomes include dehydration, thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and rarely seizures |
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Iodine
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required to synthesize thyroxine and triiodothyronine
found in iodized salt |
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Manganese
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Required for glucose utilization
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Selenium
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low selenium is common in cancer and heart disease
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Zinc
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essential for normal cellular immune functions
Indications: loss of apetite, skin changes, growth retardation, impaired taste and smell, and impaired wound healing RDA: 12-15 gm 220 mg dose of zinc sulfate supplies 50 mg of elemental zinc which is 10-40% absorbed... therefore 220 mg TID = 15 mg elemental zinc per day Older brand names: Orazinc and Verazinc |
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What is Geritol Tonic-liquid?
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high potency vitamin and iron supplement 12% EtOH
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Name some OTC Nutrition for eyes
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1. Ocuvite
2. Ocuvite Extra 3. Ocuvite Lutein 4. PreserVision AREDS tabs 5. I Caps Original- multivitamin 6. I Cap Eye Vitamins (Lutein and Zeaxanthin-Carotenoids) |
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Name the Natural carotenoids that have been shown through clinical studies to be concentrated in the macular, or central segment of the retina
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Lutein and Zeaxanthin
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What is in PreserVision AREDS tabs?
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Vitamins A, C, E, Zinc, Copper
Sometimes Lutein |
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What is a Decoction?
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A tea that is made from bark, root, seed, or berry of a plant... simmered for 20 -30 minutes
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Compare:
Essential Oil Extracts Infusions |
Essential Oils- derived from herbs or plants through steam distillation or cold pressing
Extracts- made by pressing herbs with a heavy hydraulic press and soaking them in alcohol or water Infusion- delicate parts of the plant are soaked, not boiled, for 5 to 10 minutes in hot water |
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What is a Poultice?
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a hot, soft moist mass of herbs, mustard, or other sunstance spread on cloth and applied for up to 24 hours on a sore or inflamed area to relieve pain and inflammation
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Adverse effect associated with Kava?
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Hepatotoxicity
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Adverse effect associated with Yohimbe?
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Renal failure; hypertension
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Adverse effect associated with Comfrey?
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Cancer
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Adverse effect associated with Mistletoe
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Seizures, Coma
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OTC Herb: Capsicum
Claim Adverse Effects Drug interactions Other |
Pain, Shingles, OA
can cause burning unknown do not apply to open wound |
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OTC Herb: Chamomile
Claim Adverse Effects Drug interactions Other |
GI, aid in digestion, made into a tea
allergic reactions unknown caution to person with allergy to ragweed |
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OTC Herb: Echinacea
Claim Adverse Effects Drug interactions Other |
promote stimulation of immune system
chills, fever, allergic reaction immunosuppressant drugs not for people with rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, lupus, multiple sclerosis |
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OTC Herb: Feverfew
Claim Adverse Effects Drug interactions Other |
treatment of migraine, asthma, menstrual pain
mouth ulcers, increased HR anticoagulants; may reduce platelet aggregation contraindicated in pregnancy; not for lactating women, don't stop abruptly |
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OTC Herbal: Garlic
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and blood pressure
burning mouth and stomach, heartburn, bad breath anticoagulants may reduce platelet aggregation contraindicated in patients with diabetes, or those taking coumadin, or salicylates |
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OTC Herbal: Ginko
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
increased memory, circulation (NO PROOF)
GI upset, headache, dizziness anticoagulants: may reduce platelet aggregation do not take if taking Coumadin; avoid in pregnant or lactating mothers |
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OTC Herbal: KavaKava
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
Sedative
Hallucinations, ataxia, skin discoloration; HEPATOTOXICITY alcohol increases toxicity do not use alcohol or other sedatives |
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OTC Herbal: Licorice
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
Expectorant, treatment for ulcers
increases blood pressure other drugs which increase BP; not to be used in HTN do not use if you have high blood pressure |
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OTC Herbal: Ma Hwang
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
increased congnition and weight loss
psychosis, HTN, tachycardia, CNS stimulation MAOI interaction Removed from market by FDA |
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OTC Herbal: Saw Palmetto
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
Diuretic, BPH
stomach upset, loss of K, mild headache unknown not to be used in place of Rx medication for BPH |
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OTC Herbal: St. John's Wort
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
antidepressant
Photosensitivity, rash, GI upset may interact with SSRI, MAOI drugs, tyramine foods, yohimbine, DM, sympathomimetics, AIDs medications (CYP450 3A4 inducer) do NOT use with Rx antidepressants, or OTC drugs Avoid SUN |
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OTC Herbal: Valerian
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
Sedative
Ataxia, drowsiness caution with other CNS depressants do not use with other Rx or OTC drugs for sedation |
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OTC Herbal: Yohimbine
Claim Adverse Effects Drug Interactions Other |
treats impotence; a stimulant
tachycardia, HTN, GI upset, CNS stimulation May interract with SSRIs, tyramine foods, sympathomimetics take under the direction and supervision of a physician |
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Black Cohosh
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Cimicifuga racmosa
helps with menopausal symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and hot flashes; menstral migraines, HTN, Hypercholesterolemia, peripheral vascular disease 20mg BID (40mg/day) 4/6 trials significant for hot flashes |
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Chondroitin Sulfate
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Chondroitin-4-sulfate
Claim: Osteoarthritis treatment structurally similar to heparin; therefore, contraindicated in bleeding disorders; possible transmission of mad cow disease if produced from bovine cartilage Drug interactions: anticoagulants, NSAIDs, salicylates Dosage: 800-1200 mg QD glucosamine builds cartilage, but chondroitin prevents destruction of cartilage |
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Chaste Tree Berry
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Claims: premenstrual symptoms (PMS), Predmentstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), cyclic mastalgia
binds to dopamine receptors and inhibits prolactin secretion; increases pituitary gland production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Dosage: PMS- 20mg QD (Evidence) PMDD- 20-40mg QD (equal efficacy to fluoxetine) Cyclic Mastalgia- 32.4mg QD |
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Chromium
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Chromium tripicolinate
Trace mineral that is essential component of glucose tolerance factor Claims: moderation of glood sugar, increase energy, mood improvement, body building, hyperlipidemia, depression Precautions: patients with chromate or leather cantact allergy Corticosteroids- increase extretion of Chromium NSAIDs and Vitamin C- increase chromium absorption Dosages: Diabetes- 200-600 mcg/day Weight loss- 200-600 mcg/day |
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Coenzyme Q10
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Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)
Claims: heart disease, parkinson's disease, diabetes, periodontal disease, DOXORUBICIN CARDIOTOXICITY, STATIN USE role in oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of ATP, needed for muscle contraction and relaxation; antioxidant properties; shown to reduce myocardial damage from anthracyclines, like doxorubicin may decrease effectiveness of warfarin Dosage: Heart Failure- 50-200 mg/day Parkinson's disease- 300-1200 mg/day diabetes- 150 mg/day |
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Cranberry
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Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Claims: Prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) inhibits bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells Dosage: 400 mg QD |
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Dong quai
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Dong quai (Angelica sinensis)
Claims: Symptoms of menopause and primary dysmenorrhea, HTN, rheumatism, ulcers, anemia Current Evidence does NOT support indications |
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Fish Oil
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Fish Oil (Omega 3 Fatty Acids)
COD LIVER OIL SHOULD NOT BE USED Claims and Dosages: Hypertriglycerides- 1-6 g QD HTN- 4g QD Psoriasis- 4g QD Rheumatoid arthritis- 4g QD Evidence supports use. increases HDL in Hypertriglyceridemia |
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Ginger
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Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Claims and Dosage: Motion sickness (500-1000 mg), Post-operative nausea and vomitting, morning sickness (250 mg QID) works directly on gut to relax the cardiac sphincter and prevent movement of gastric contents upward |
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Ginko
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Claims: improve cognition, athletic performance, and treat erectile dysfunction
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Siberian Ginseng
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Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
Claims: improve cognition and tonic for fatigue No Significant Efficacy |
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Glucosamine Sulfate
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Glucosamine Sulfate (2-amino-2-deoxyglucose sulfate)
Claims: Osteoarthritis and joint functions Dosage: 1500 mg Efficacy: evidense suggests use in treatment of knee osteoarthritis; max benefits may take up to 6 months |
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Hawthorn
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Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata)
Claims: Heart Failure and HTN Dosage: 160-1800 mg QD Prescription medication in Germany for heart failure |
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Melatonin
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)
Claims and Dosages: Jet lag- 0.5-5 mg HS (Evidence) Insomnia- 0.3-5 mg HS (Evidence) Shift Adjustment- 1-5 mg HS Tardive dyskinesia- 10 mg QD |
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Milk Thistle
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Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
Claims: Hepatitis and Cirrhosis Active component: Silymarin Drug Interactions: medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2C9 (inhibition) |
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MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
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MSM
Claims and Dosages: Arthritis- 2250mg QD Seasonal Allergic rhinitis- 2600-5200 mg QD Approved by FDA for treatment of interstitial cystitis NO significant evidence |
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SAMe
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SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine)
Claims and Dosages: Osteoarthritis- 400-1200 mg QD Fibromyalgia- 400 mg BID Depression- 200-1600 mg QD Evidence supports use in Osteoarthritis and Depression but lacks dosing information |
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Soybean
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Soybean (Glycine max)
Claims and Dosages: Menopausal symptoms- 50-75 mg Osteoporosis- 60-80 mg Hyperlipidemia- 60-80 mg Estrogenic effects once broken down No evidence for Menopausal symptoms |
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Types of Vegetarians:
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian Lacto-vegetarian Vegan Pesco-Vegetarian Pollo-Vegetatian Semi-or Demi-Vegetarian |
Types of Vegetarians:
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian- includes eggs, milk, and milk products Lacto-vegetarian-includes milk and milk products; NO eggs Vegan- only foods from plant sources Pesco-Vegetarian- Fish is part of diet Pollo-Vegetatian- Chicken is part of diet Semi-or Demi-Vegetarian- meat is avoided for the most part |
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Source of proteins for Vegetarians
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Lentils
Beans Soy products Nuts Whole-grain breads Eggs Dairy products |
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Source of Iron for Vegetarians
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Beans
Peas Whole-grain breads Spinach Raisins Apricots Peaches Nuts Seeds Iron fortified cereals |
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Name some Nutritional Supplements
What are their caloric content? |
-Carnation Instant Breakfast
-Ensure (1.06 Cal/mL) -Ensure Plus (1.50 Cal/mL) -Boost (1.01 Cal/mL) -Boost Plus (1.52 Cal/mL) -Glucerna Shake (0.84 Cal/mL) -Osmolite (1.06 Cal/mL) -Pulmocare (1.5 Cal/mL) ~ 1 Cal/mL |
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Which Nutritional Supplement is NOT hyperosmotic?
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Osmolite- isotonic low residue liquid food useful for tube feeding (300 mOsm/kg)
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Which Nutritional Supplement is for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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Pulmocare- helps reduce CO2 production
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Name 3 Minerals which are the major essential components of the body tissue
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1. Calcium
2. Magnesium 3. Phosphorus |
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What is the Caloric content of powdered infant formulas?
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20 kcal (Cal)/ Oz
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