Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How do we get cytological samples (exfoliated cells)?
Histopatholgy? (intact tiss) |
Sputum, Bronch obtained specimens
trans bronch biopsy open lung biopsy, wedge lobectomy, pneymonectomy |
|
Ziehl-neelsen stained for...
|
TB, mycobacterial
|
|
Lobar pneumonia is typically caused by what?
What are common causes of community acquired bacterial pneumonias? |
strep. pneumo.
S. pneumo, klebsiella, hemophilius, s. aureus, mycoplasm pneumoniae |
|
What is a:
gram + diplococcus normal resident of nasopharynx pneumonias are often preceded by viral infection |
strep. pneumo.
|
|
What is:
Small gram - bacillus aquatic environment |
Legionella pneumonphila
|
|
What is the most common cause of abscesses in the lung?
What do anaerobic bacteria often cause? What predisposes pts to these infections? |
anaerobic bacteria
- streptococci, fusobacteria, bacteroides necrosis; foul smelling sputum those who aspirate: interruption of the normal gag reflex (alcoholics, seizure diz, etc.) |
|
Are Pneumonias caused by filamentous bacteria common?
Name the two, list their morphology, and explain how they're distinguished. |
no, except in those w/ inborn error or some other type of immunocompromise.
Actinomyces israelii (sulfur granules) Nocardia asteroides (less common) - both are gram + rods arranged in filaments - nocardia will stain with silver |
|
Complications of pneumonias are pyothorax / empyema, and bacteremia. Define those terms.
|
infection of pleural fluid
bacteria in the bloodstream |
|
What usually causes what we refer to as "walking pneumonia?"
Unique features of this organism? Sx? Tx? How infectious? |
mycoplasma
prokaryote w/ no cell wall; causes a necrotizing pneumonia. - unproductive cough, trachial bronchitis. - tx with cheap antiB Very infectious through airborne droplets. |
|
90% of ____ TB infections are asymptomatic.
What is a a Ghon complex? |
primary/exposures
- peripheral nidus of infection, often adjacent to interlobar fissure. - infected lymph nodes nearby - can calcify |
|
What is Miliary TB?
2 other TB complications? Can TB cause cavitations? What might this become home for later on? |
multiple small granulomas in many organs, most likely via hematogenous dissemination
Hemoptysis Broncho-pleural fistula - connection b/t two things that aren't supposed to be connected. Yes. Aspergillosis --> empyema |
|
What are the two ways to develop Miliary TB?
|
Get it from progressive primary TB (only in young or HIV) or from secondary TB (cavitary TB)
|
|
Where would we see histoplasma?
Coccidioides? Cryptococcus? Blastomyces? Aspergillus? Pneumocystis? What type of inflammation do most fungal pneumonias cause? Which can mimic primary lung carcinoma? Stain for it? |
Ohio river valley
SW Anywhere Anywhere Everywhere Immunosuppressed Granulomatous inflammation Cryptococcus neoformans - "cryptococcoma" - stain the polyS capsule with mucicarmine stain. |
|
Can you distinguish the necrotizing granulomatous response to something like histoplasmosis from TB?
|
Not w/o special stains or culture.
|
|
What are the three different kinds of lung disease caused by aspergillosis?
|
Invasive aspergillosis
Aspergilloma (post-cavitating disease) Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
|
Invasive aspergillosis is most common in what populations?
How do the organisms invade? What do you look |
Leukemics, chemo pts, HIV, immunosuppressed.
invade in the blood vessels: - can cause infarction, thrombosis, exsanguination, disseminated dz |
|
What do you look for in histology re: aspergillus?
|
right angle, branching septate hyphae
|
|
What will a CXR show for a cavity?
|
empty air (black)
|
|
What % of asthmatics develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
What is seen in blood and sputum? Ig__ is increased in serum. |
up to 20%
Eosinophila IgE |
|
In PCP, cysts fill ____ ____ with organisms and proteinaceous fluid?
Dx tool? |
Aveolar space.
Bronchoalveolar lavage |
|
What types of pts tend to get Viral pneumonias in general?
CMV exception? What is seen on histology? |
immunocompromised
Infants may get CMV Lymphocytes in the interstitium |
|
What are the three signs (histologically) of herpes virus infection?
|
multinucleation, margination (chromatin is dispersed out along the perimeter of the nuclei), and molded nuclei (they look slammed into one another)
|