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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the respiratory system is divided into |
1-conductive part 2-respiratory part |
|
conductive part |
1-nose 2-pharynx 3-larynx 4-trachea 5-bronchi 6-bronchial tube 7-terminal bronchioles |
|
respiratory part |
1-alveolar ducts 2- alveoli |
|
the nose consists of |
1-external part 2-nasal cavity |
|
the external nose and nasal cavity are divided by |
the nasal septum |
|
external nose two orifices |
nostrils ala of the nose (lateral margins) |
|
whats lying just inside the nostrils |
nasal vestibule |
|
external nose is formed by |
1-nasal bone 2-hyaline cartilage |
|
nasal cavity extend from |
1- from anterior nasal apertures(nostrils) ------->opens on the face 2- to posterior nasal apertures --------> opens into nasopharynx |
|
boundries of the nasal cavity: 1-roof anterior middle posterior |
anterior: frontal bone middle:ethmoid posterior:sphenoid |
|
floor |
the hard palate anterior and posterior 1-anterior: palatine process of maxilla 2- posterior:palatine bone |
|
medial |
nasal septum anterior and posterior 1-septal cartilage (ant) 2-ethmoid and vomer (post) |
|
lateral wall projection and depression |
1- projection:conchea 2- depression: meatuses |
|
conchae is devided into 3 parts |
superior, middle, and inferior and below it the depression is the superior, middle, and inferior meatus |
|
middle meatus features
|
a bulge or rounded swelling called (bulla ethmoidalis) below it is a curved opening called hiatus semilunaris anterior of the hiatus seminars is the anterior infundibulum |
|
mucous membrane of the nose |
olfactory respiratory muscosa |
|
olfactory mucosa is present in |
roof and adjacent part of the septum |
|
olfactory function |
smelling sense |
|
respiratory mucosa |
lines the rest of the cavity |
|
blood supply of the external nose |
external nose: branches of opthalmic and maxillary artery ala and lower part of the septum: branches of the facial artery |
|
nerve supply |
infratrochlear and external nasal nerve branches of the ophthalmic nerve infraorbital branches of the maxillary nerve |
|
blood supply of the internal cavity |
branches of the maxillary artery: most imp. branch is the sphenopalatine artery. |
|
lymph drainage |
the vestibule is drained by the submandibular nodes the rest is drained by the deep cervical |
|
nerve supply of the internal cavity |
nerves of sensation 1- the olfactory nerve supplied by olfactory bulb 2-opthalmic devision and maxillary devision of the trigiminal nerve |
|
paranasal cavity functions |
1-helps humidifying and warming the air entering 2-decrease the weight of the skull 3- adds resonance to the voice |
|
4 sinuses |
1-frontal 2-maxillary 3-ethmoidal 4-sphenoidal |
|
where is the frontal sinus |
contained in the frontal bone |
|
shape of frontal sinus |
triangular |
|
maxillary sinus location |
contained in the maxillary bone |
|
shape of the maxillary sinus |
pyramidal |
|
boundaries of the maxillary bone roof floor |
roof: orbit floor: premolar and molar teeth |
|
ethmoidal sinus location |
they are contained in the ethmoidal bone between the nose and the eye |
|
the ethmoid sinus is divided into three groups |
anterior, middle, and posterior |
|
due to the ethmoidal sinus anatomical position and separation |
because it is seperated by a thin bone and it is behind the orbit the infections can spread from the sinus to the eye |
|
sphenoidal sinus location |
contained in the sphenoidal bone |
|
the pharynx extends from |
the bas of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebrae |
|
shape |
funnel shaped: upper wide end and lower narrow end continues as esophagus |
|
pharynx 3 parts |
1-nasopharynx 2-oropharynx 3- laryngopharynx |
|
nasopharynx |
lies behind the nose |
|
the nasopharynx extends from |
the base of the skull to the level of soft palate |
|
communications of the nasopharynx |
1-nose:through the posterior nasal apeturus 2-middle ear:through the external auditory 3-oropharynx: through the laryngeal isthimus |
|
oropharynx |
lies behind the mouth |
|
oropharynx extend from |
level of soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis |
|
communications of the oropharynx |
1- nasopharynx through the laryngeal isthmus 2-mouth cavity 3-laryngopharynx |
|
laryngopharynx |
lies behind the larynx |
|
larngopharynx extends from |
upper border the epiglottis to the C6 |
|
communications |
laryngeal inlet |