Chapter 6- Overview Of Cell Biology

Front 1

What is a nucleotide?

Back 1

small structures that make up nucleic acids

Front 2

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Back 2

- nitrogen-containing organic base

- 5-carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose)

- phosphate molecule

Front 3

Adenine (A) bonds with ________.

Back 3

Thymine (T)

Front 4

Cytosine (C) bonds with ________.

Back 4

Guanine (G)

Front 5

Antibodies are protein molecules produced by specialized cells in the bone marrow called?

Back 5

B lymphocytes

Front 6

During mitosis, which phase of cellular life structure is actual DNA synthesized?

Back 6

interphase

Front 7

During the subphases of mitosis, when do the centrioles migrate to the opposite sides of the cell and create a spindle?

Back 7

prophase

Front 8

Another name for fraternal twins.

Back 8

Dizygotic twins

Front 9

How many amino acids do we have?

Back 9

22

Front 10

Human cells can do what?

Back 10

-move

-grow

-react

-protect themselves and repair damage

-regulate life processes

-reproduce

Front 11

Mineral salts are necessary for what?

Back 11

-proper cell performance

-creation of energy

-conduction of impulses along nerves

-osmosis

Front 12

Organic compounds

Back 12

those that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 13

Inorganic material

Back 13

Compounds that do not contain carbon

Front 14

Essential major organic compounds

Back 14

-proteins

-carbohydrates

-lipids

-nucleic acids

Front 15

Most important inorganic substances

Back 15

-water

-mineral salts (electrolytes)

Front 16

Centrioles are found where?

Back 16

in the centrosomes

Front 17

Nucleic acids made of what?

Back 17

nucleotides (H, C, O, N)

Front 18

Steps/rungs of DNA ladder made of what?

Back 18

nitrogenous organic bases (A, C, G, T)

Front 19

Human temperature

Back 19

98.6 F

Front 20

Nucleus does what?

Back 20

-information-processing & administrative center of living cell

-directs protein synthesis

-essential role in active transport, metabolism, growth, heredity

Front 21

Purines

Back 21

Adenine & Guanine

Front 22

Pyrimidines

Back 22

Cytosine & Thymine

Front 23

What's an enzyme?

Back 23

function as organic catalyst, agents that affect the rate or speed of chemical reactions without being altered themselves

Front 24

What is acellular tissue?

Back 24

nails & hair

Front 25

What's a prototype for mRNA?

Back 25

DNA

Front 26

Enzymes in mitochondria break down what?

Back 26

-carbohydrates

-fats

-proteins

Front 27

What causes biochemical reactions in stressful situations?

Back 27

enzymes

Front 28

Oxidation

Back 28

any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons

Front 29

Radiation may induce a rupture of a lysosome. What happens in this instance?

Back 29

cell is likely to die

Front 30

Chromatid

Back 30

-highly coiled strand

-one of two duplicated portions of DNA in a replicated chromosome that appear during cell division

Front 31

Centrioles

Back 31

in each centrosome are a pair of small, hollow, cylindrical structures

Front 32

Centrosomes

Back 32

located in the center of the cell near the nucleus

Front 33

Types of twins: monozygotic

Back 33

identical twins (coming from one zygote)

Front 34

Types of twins: dizygotic

Back 34

fraternal twins

Front 35

The primary reason for the formation of the Human Genome Project, was to answer what?

Back 35

radiobiological questions that were raised during a conference in Hiroshima, Japan in 1984

Front 36

The conference participants stressed the need to what?

Back 36

detect radiation exposure-induced mutations that could be inherited from the survivors of the atomic bomb blasts in 1945

Front 37

Functions of water within the cell

Back 37

-chemical reactions occur

-acts as a solvent

Front 38

Functions of water outside the cell

Back 38

-transport vehicle

-maintain constant body core temp of 98.6 F

-lubricates

-protects

Front 39

Nicknames: Cell Membrane

Back 39

"Plastic Storage Bag"

Front 40

Nicknames: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 40

"Highway" of the Cell

Front 41

Nicknames: Golgi Apparatus or Complex

Back 41

Hauls "Freight" Within and Out of the Cell

Front 42

Nicknames: Mitochondria

Back 42

"Power-Generating Station" of the Cell (powerhouse)

Front 43

Nicknames: Lysosomes

Back 43

"Garbage Bags" with "Poison Pills" (garbage disposal, suicide bags)

Front 44

Nicknames: Ribosomes

Back 44

"Manufacturing Facilities" of the Cell

Front 45

Nicknames: Centrosomes

Back 45

"Weavers of the Spindle"

Front 46

Nicknames: Nucleus

Back 46

Information-Processing and Administrative Center

Front 47

Homeostasis

Back 47

ability to function in normal manner despite changes in body

Front 48

Water normally accounts for what %?

Back 48

80-85

Front 49

Proteins constitute approximately what % of cell content?

Back 49

15

Front 50

Carbohydrates make up approximately what % of cell?

Back 50

1

Front 51

Lipids constitute approximately what % of cell content?

Back 51

2

Front 52

Nucleic Acids comprise approximately what % of cell?

Back 52

1