• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/16

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Further poison (toxic substance) absorption can be prevented:
- through emesis induction (in oral intoxications)
- by giving absorbing substances (Carbo medicinalis)
- by forced diuresis
- by hemodialysis
Further poison (toxic substance) absorption can be prevented:
- through emesis induction (in oral intoxications)+
- by giving absorbing substances (Carbo medicinalis)+
Which are SPECIFIC antidotes used in poisoning (intoxication) treatment:
- naloxone
- magnesium sulphate (10% solution) or sorbitol (40% solution)
- alcohol (ethanol)
- Carbo medicinalis
Which are SPECIFIC antidotes used in poisoning (intoxication) treatment:
- naloxone+
- alcohol (ethanol)+
In salicylate or barbiturate intoxication (=slight acids):
- slight urine acidification can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol acetic acid)
- slight urine alkalization can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol sodium bicarbonate)
- hemoperfusion can be used for their elimination
- a specific antidote can be used
In salicylate or barbiturate intoxication (=slight acids):
- slight urine alkalization can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol sodium bicarbonate)+
- hemoperfusion can be used for their elimination+
In organophosphate intoxication (insecticides – DDT, chemical weapons etc.):
- the patient has dry mouth, mydriasis, increased heart rate and body temperature
- a specific antidote can be used – atropine
- only symptomatic and non-specific treatment can be used (no specific antidote)
- the patient has typical signs of cholinomimetic/parasympathomimetic overdose
In organophosphate intoxication (insecticides – DDT, chemical weapons etc.):
- a specific antidote can be used – atropine+
- the patient has typical signs of cholinomimetic/parasympathomimetic overdose+
Forced diuresis:
- means that a certain amount of the patients whole blood is removed and replaced with another volume of whole blood
- represents a convenient and safe detoxification method especially in cardiac patients or in changed ion or acid-base balance
- is used to speed up elimination of toxic substance in an intoxicated patient
- is achieved by increased hydration (oral or intravenous) and oral or IV diuretic administration
Forced diuresis:
- is used to speed up elimination of toxic substance in an intoxicated patient+
- is achieved by increased hydration (oral or intravenous) and oral or IV diuretic administration+
Hemodialysis:
- represents one of the most effective modes of toxic substance elimination
- means that a certain amount of the patients whole blood is removed and replaced with another volume of whole blood
- is well effective in long-lasting barbiturates, methanol, lithium or toadstool intoxications
- cannot be used in remarkable acid-basic imbalances (e.g. acidosis)
Hemodialysis:
- represents one of the most effective modes of toxic substance elimination+
- is well effective in long-lasting barbiturates, methanol, lithium or toadstool intoxications+
A little school boy – has dry, warm scarlet skin, fever, dry mucosa (mouth, eyes), mydriasis, tachycardia, he is confused (intermittent coma):
- it is presumably organophosphates poisoning (e.g. DDT field spraying)
- it is presumably poisoning with atropine or scopolamine containing plants (Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium etc.)
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose
- physostigmine (=ACHEI) can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose
A little school boy – has dry, warm scarlet skin, fever, dry mucosa (mouth, eyes), mydriasis, tachycardia, he is confused (intermittent coma):
- it is presumably poisoning with atropine or scopolamine containing plants (Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium etc.)+
- physostigmine (=ACHEI) can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose+
A young man in coma, shows gasping breath, bradycardia, hypotension, remarkable unresponsive miosis, syringe marks on the body:
- it is presumably opioid overdose
- it is presumably benzodiazepine overdose
- flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning
- naloxone can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning
A young man in coma, shows gasping breath, bradycardia, hypotension, remarkable unresponsive miosis, syringe marks on the body:
- it is presumably opioid overdose+
- naloxone can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning+
In remarkable benzodiazepine overdose/intoxication (deep CNS depressor effect and strong muscle-relaxation) besides common precautions:
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction
- acetylcysteine (ACC) can be used as a specific antidote
- flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote
- naloxone can be used as a specific antidote
In remarkable benzodiazepine overdose/intoxication (deep CNS depressor effect and strong muscle-relaxation) besides common precautions:
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction+
- flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote+
Paracetamol (acetaminophen):
- cannot be overdosed, it is very safe, broadly used and freely sold drug
- if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 4 h intervals between doses, maximum 4 g daily (eight 500 mg tablets)
- if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 8 h intervals between doses, maximum 10 g daily (twenty 500 mg tablets)
- in children under 12 years of age the maximum daily dose is 2.6 g (60 mg/kg)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen):
- if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 4 h intervals between doses, maximum 4 g daily (eight 500 mg tablets)+
- in children under 12 years of age the maximum daily dose is 2.6 g (60 mg/kg)+
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) intoxication:
- is practically out of the question, it is very safe and freely sold drug
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote
- can cause serious liver damage
- acetylcysteine can be used as a specific antidote
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) intoxication:
- can cause serious liver damage+
- acetylcysteine can be used as a specific antidote+
Naloxone:
- is a partial agonist of opioid receptors
- has short-lasting effects (about 60 minutes)
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction in ehanol intoxication
- can be used as a specific antidote in paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose
Naloxone:
- has short-lasting effects (about 60 minutes)+
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction in ehanol intoxication +
Digoxin overdose/intoxication:
- is characterized by nausea, vomiting, restlessness, faintness, convulsions, tachycardia leading to serious arrhythmias, changed colour vision
- is characterized by sedation, bradycardia, muscle relaxation, remarkable miosis
- potassium supply is part of the overdose therapy
- there is no specific antidote for digoxin overdose therapy
Digoxin overdose/intoxication:
- is characterized by nausea, vomiting, restlessness, faintness, convulsions, tachycardia leading to serious arrhythmias, changed colour vision+
- potassium supply is part of the overdose therapy+
Acute intoxication with amphetamine derivates (methamphetamine = Pervitin, MDMA etc.):
- amphetamine derivates in their pure form (without admixtures or dash) have practically no risks of rhabdomyolysis or disseminative intravascular coagulation
- is characterized by cardiovascular system stimulation and central stimulation, hyperactivity, mydriasis, sweating, hyperthermia, sometimes hallucinations
- intoxication therapy is only symptomatic, no specific antidote is at the disposal
- methamphetamine (Pervitin) intoxication is not life dangerous
Acute intoxication with amphetamine derivates (methamphetamine = Pervitin, MDMA etc.):
- is characterized by cardiovascular system stimulation and central stimulation, hyperactivity, mydriasis, sweating, hyperthermia, sometimes hallucinations+
- intoxication therapy is only symptomatic, no specific antidote is at the disposal+
Which are correct theses:
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in toadstool (Amanita muscarine) intoxication
- physostigmine can be used as a specific antidote in organophosphates (DDT) poisoning
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in consumption of part of plants - Atropa belladonna or Datura stramonium
- alcohol (ethanol) can be used as a specific antidote in methanol consumption/overdose
Which are correct theses:
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in toadstool (Amanita muscarine) intoxication+
- alcohol (ethanol) can be used as a specific antidote in methanol consumption/overdose+
In alcohol (ethanol) intoxication:
- a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by central excitation, cardiovascular stimulation, sweating, hyperthermia
- a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by deep sedation, somnolence, ataxia, even coma, respiratory depression, hypothermia, frequently hypoglycaemia
- clomethiazole or tiapride can be used for pacification of aggressive alcohol intoxicated patient
- atropine can be used for central depressor effect reduction
In alcohol (ethanol) intoxication:
- a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by deep sedation, somnolence, ataxia, even coma, respiratory depression, hypothermia, frequently hypoglycaemia+
- clomethiazole or tiapride can be used for pacification of aggressive alcohol intoxicated patient+