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40 Cards in this Set

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For brain death confirmation following radiopharmaceuticals should be used:
- freely crossing blood-brain barrier
- Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m DTPA
- lipophylic substances like Tc-99m HMPAO, Tc-99m ECD
- I-123 IBZM, I-123 DaTSCAN
For brain death confirmation following radiopharmaceuticals should be used:
- freely crossing blood-brain barrier+
- lipophylic substances like Tc-99m HMPAO, Tc-99m ECD+
For brain death confirmation which of the following scintigraphic examinations is required according to law due to transplantation reasons:
- bone scan of the skull
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled lipophilic tracers
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with radiopharmaceuticals which freely cross blood-brain barrier
For brain death confirmation which of the following scintigraphic examinations is required according to law due to transplantation reasons:
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled lipophilic tracers+
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with radiopharmaceuticals which freely cross blood-brain barrier+
Tc-99m HMPAO is:
- a radiopharmaceutical which bind brain transporters
- a lipophIlic radiopharmaceutical crossing intact blood-brain barrier, it is fixed by conversion into a hydrophyllic substance in the brain tissue
- a radiopharmaceutical used for dopamine postsynaptic D2 receptors imaging
- a radiopharmaceutical used for regional brain perfusion imaging
Tc-99m HMPAO is:
- a lipophIlic radiopharmaceutical crossing intact blood-brain barrier, it is fixed by conversion into a hydrophyllic substance in the brain tissue+
- a radiopharmaceutical used for regional brain perfusion imaging+
Brain perfusion scintigraphy is not indicated for:
- measurement of dopamine receptors density
- measurement of cerebrovascular reserve
- confirmation of brain death
- differentiation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Brain perfusion scintigraphy is not indicated for:
- measurement of dopamine receptors density+
- differentiation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke+
Brain perfusion scintigraphy in traumatology is useful:
- in acute phase of serious brain contusion
- in minor accidents to verify brain injury
- in moderate accidents in later stage to detect extent of brain injury
- it is not useful at all
Brain perfusion scintigraphy in traumatology is useful:
- in minor accidents to verify brain injury+
- in moderate accidents in later stage to detect extent of brain injury+
What is detected physiologically in cisternography:
- brain ventricles within 1 hour
- basal cisterns within 1 to 2 hours
- interhemispherical space after 24 hours
- liquor space above the hemispheres within 24 hours
What is detected physiologically in cisternography:
- basal cisterns within 1 to 2 hours+
- liquor space above the hemispheres within 24 hours+
Where is radiopharmaceutical injected for radionuclide cisternography:
- intravenously
- into the liquor space
- subcutaneously
- suboccipitaly
Where is radiopharmaceutical injected for radionuclide cisternography:
- into the liquor space+
- suboccipitaly+
How are radionuclide cisternography images acquired :
- with SPECT technique
- planar images of the head in anterior and both lateral views
- sequential multistatic planar imaging within 24 to 48 hours
- dynamic scintigraphy for 2 hours after intravenous injection
How are radionuclide cisternography images acquired :
- planar images of the head in anterior and both lateral views+
- sequential multistatic planar imaging within 24 to 48 hours+
Which radiopharmaceuticals can be used for dynamic kidney scintigraphy:
- I-123 iophlupan
- Tc-99m MAG3
- Tc-99m pertechnetate
- Tc-99m DTPA
Which radiopharmaceuticals can be used for dynamic kidney scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m MAG3+
- Tc-99m DTPA+
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for renal cortical imaging (renal parenchyma):
- Tc-99m dimerkaptosuccinic acid
- Tc-99m HDP
- Tc-99m HMPAO
- Tc-99m DMSA
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for renal cortical imaging (renal parenchyma):
- Tc-99m dimerkaptosuccinic acid+
- Tc-99m DMSA+
Imaging of dynamic kidney scintigraphy begins:
- 1 minute after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 10 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- just before injection of radiopharmaceutical
Imaging of dynamic kidney scintigraphy begins:
- simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical+
- just before injection of radiopharmaceutical+
When does imaging in static renal scintigraphy begin?
- simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 2 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 24 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical
When does imaging in static renal scintigraphy begin?
- 2 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+
- 3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+
Basic prerequisities for dynamic kideny scintigraphy are:
- good patient hydration
- voiding just before imaging
- supression of thyroid gland
- sedation in children
Basic prerequisities for dynamic kideny scintigraphy are:
- good patient hydration+
- voiding just before imaging+
Testicular scintigraphy can be used:
- to differentiate tumor and hydrocele
- to diagnose epididymitis
- to diagnose late stage of testicular torsion
- in acute phase of testicular torsion
Testicular scintigraphy can be used:
- to diagnose epididymitis+
- in acute phase of testicular torsion+
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for testicular scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m pertechnetate
- Tc-99m MAG3
- Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate
- Tc-99m DTPA
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for testicular scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m pertechnetate+
- Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate+
Patient preparation for dynamic kideny scintigraphy includes:
- nothing per os for 24 hours
- reduced drinking 2 hours before examination
- emptying of urinary bladder
- good hydration (at least half liter of beverage)
Patient preparation for dynamic kideny scintigraphy includes:
- emptying of urinary bladder+
- good hydration (at least half liter of beverage)+
What is typical for late stage of testicular torsion on scintigraphy:
- defect with a rim of increased accumulation (donut shape) in the involved testis
- markedly increased diffuse accumulation in the involved testis
- defect of (reduced) accumulation detected 30 minutes post injection
- increased accumulation in the surroundings of testis which does not accumulate radiopharmaceutical
What is typical for late stage of testicular torsion on scintigraphy:
- defect with a rim of increased accumulation (donut shape) in the involved testis+
- increased accumulation in the surroundings of testis which does not accumulate radiopharmaceutical+
Diffuse increase of radioactivity in the painful testis on scintigraphy is probably the sign of:
- late stage of torsion
- seminoma
- epididymitis
- hydrocele
Diffuse increase of radioactivity in the painful testis on scintigraphy is probably the sign of:
- late stage of torsion+
- epididymitis+
We can use following radiopharmaceuticals for inflammation imaging:
- labeled leukocytes
- labeled thrombocytes
- Ga-67 citrate or F-18 FDG
- labeled erythrocytes
We can use following radiopharmaceuticals for inflammation imaging:
- labeled leukocytes+
- Ga-67 citrate or F-18 FDG+
The main indication for labeled leukocytes scintigraphy is:
- acute fracture of long bones
- inflammatory complications of joint prostheses
- differential diagnosis of traumatic and degenerative changes
- osteomyelitis of peripheral bones
The main indication for labeled leukocytes scintigraphy is:
- inflammatory complications of joint prostheses+
- osteomyelitis of peripheral bones+
Acute peripheral bone osteomyelitis shows:
- positive in all three phases of bone scan
- increased accumulation of Tc-99m MIBI
- increased accumulation of labeled leukocytes
- decreased accumulation of labeled leukocytes
Acute peripheral bone osteomyelitis shows:
- positive in all three phases of bone scan+
- increased accumulation of labeled leukocytes+
In patients with suspected osteomyelitis of peripheral bones, which of the following radionuclide methods can be useful:
- in vitro labeled leukocytes scintigraphy
- Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy
- I-123 MIBG scintigraphy
- Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibodies against leukocytes
In patients with suspected osteomyelitis of peripheral bones, which of the following radionuclide methods can be useful:
- in vitro labeled leukocytes scintigraphy+
- Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibodies against leukocytes+
Accumulation of Tc-99m labeled biphosphonates in bone tissue depends on:
- local blood flow and capillary permeability
- properties of the radiopharmaceutical used
- metabolic activity of bony cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and turnover of bony minerals
- volume of surrounding soft tissue
Accumulation of Tc-99m labeled biphosphonates in bone tissue depends on:
- local blood flow and capillary permeability+
- metabolic activity of bony cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and turnover of bony minerals+
Spinal cord fractures can be diagnosed by:
- MRI
- three phase bone scan
- planar scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMPAO
- ultrasonography
Spinal cord fractures can be diagnosed by:
- MRI+
- three phase bone scan+
Injury of the following organs can be detected by scintigraphy:
- kidneys and liver
- lungs and gut
- spleen and brain
- muscles and ligaments
Injury of the following organs can be detected by scintigraphy:
- kidneys and liver+
- spleen and brain+
Imaging in three-phase bone scan is routinely performed:
- immediately and 2–3 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 30 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 1 hour after injection of radiopharmaceutical
- 2–3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical
Imaging in three-phase bone scan is routinely performed:
- immediately and 2–3 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical+
- 2–3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+
Pathological changes in bones can be presented as:
- decreased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical
- increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical
- diffusely increased accumulation around the bone
- there is no change in the level of accumulation comparing to normal bone
Pathological changes in bones can be presented as:
- decreased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical+
- increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical+
We can exclude bone fracture if:
- there is increased accumulation in the site of injury
- bone scan performed a week after injury is negative
- decreased accumulation in the site of injury
- bone scan is not useful to diagnose bone fracture
We can exclude bone fracture if:
- bone scan performed a week after injury is negative+
- decreased accumulation in the site of injury+
How long after a fracture bone scan usually normalized:
- one month
- half year
- one year
- it can be positive for a different time longer than one year
How long after a fracture bone scan usually normalized:
- one year+
- it can be positive for a different time longer than one year+
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Sudeck) in the early stage looks like:
- diffusely increased blood flow including blood pool in the extremities
- decreased blood flow in the extremities
- increased bone accumulation in more sites of extremity, namely near the joints
- there are no changes in bone scan
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Sudeck) in the early stage looks like:
- diffusely increased blood flow including blood pool in the extremities+
- increased bone accumulation in more sites of extremity, namely near the joints+
Parenchymal organ injury (liver, kidney) looks like:
- defect in (reduced) appropriate radiopharmaceutical accumulation
- increased of radiopharmaceutical accumulation
- photopenic area in the organ
- these injuries are unable to be detected by scintigraphy
Parenchymal organ injury (liver, kidney) looks like:
- defect in (reduced) appropriate radiopharmaceutical accumulation+
- photopenic area in the organ+
Which method can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leak:
- measurement of pludgets soaked with the secretion
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with SPECT imaging
- radionuclide cisternography
- bone scan of the scull
Which method can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leak:
- measurement of pludgets soaked with the secretion+
- radionuclide cisternography+
We can use radionuclide methods for the detection of injury of following organs:
- bones and brain
- muscles, ligaments, menisci
- internal organs – liver, spleen, kidneys
- hollow organs – intestine
We can use radionuclide methods for the detection of injury of following organs:
- bones and brain+
- internal organs – liver, spleen, kidneys+
What is the patient preparation for bone scan:
- nothing per os
- good hydration
- no meal and beveridges 6 hours before examination
- frequent voiding after radiopharmaceutical injection
What is the patient preparation for bone scan:
- good hydration+
- frequent voiding after radiopharmaceutical injection+
What are the main indications for bone scan:
- fractures of specific localizations
- suspicion of muscle rupture
- stress fractures, avulsion and contusion
- joint luxation
What are the main indications for bone scan:
- fractures of specific localizations+
- stress fractures, avulsion and contusion+
What can be seen on imaging methods in bone contusion:
- x-ray negative, MRI bleeding into the bone marrow
- x-ray positive after several days
- three-phase bone scan positive in all three phases
- MRI detect disruption of trabecular bone
What can be seen on imaging methods in bone contusion:
- x-ray negative, MRI bleeding into the bone marrow+
- three-phase bone scan positive in all three phases+
What is the pattern of plantar fasciitis on scintigraphy:
- normal finding
- increased blood-pool
- increased bone metabolic activity in the back lower part of calcaneus
- all three phases are positive in the anterior part of foot
What is the pattern of plantar fasciitis on scintigraphy:
- increased blood-pool+
- increased bone metabolic activity in the back lower part of calcaneus+
Following radio-nuclei methods can be used for detection of bile leak:
- dynamic liver and bile scintigraphy
- static liver scintigraphy
- cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m IDA
- scintigraphy of abdominal cavity
Following radio-nuclei methods can be used for detection of bile leak:
- dynamic liver and bile scintigraphy+
- cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m IDA+
Static liver scintigraphy can be used for:
- liver trauma – rupture, hematoma
- injury of bile ducts
- suspective splenosis
- suspective of diafragm rupture
Static liver scintigraphy can be used for:
- liver trauma – rupture, hematoma+
- suspective splenosis+
What is the pattern of avascular necrosis on bone scan:
- bone scan is negative
- defect of accumulation is present at early stage
- diffusely increased accumulation is present 1 to 3 weeks later
- all three phases are positive at early stage
What is the pattern of avascular necrosis on bone scan:
- defect of accumulation is present at early stage+
- diffusely increased accumulation is present 1 to 3 weeks later+