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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microsporidiosis mostly affects which population?
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AIDS pts
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What population(s) needs to worry about Toxoplasmosis?
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AIDS pts - encephalitis
Pregnant women - crosses placenta |
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How do you contract Toxoplasmosis?
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Infected meats - pork
Oocytes in cats |
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What is the vector for babesiosis?
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Ixodes tick
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What population has a higher risk of fatality with Babesiosis?
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People without spleens
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Babesia microti infect what types of cells
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RBCs
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What is the best method to observe Microsporidia?
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tEM
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What vector carries malaria?
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Anopheles mosquito
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Which malaria species is the most fatal?
Why? |
Plasmodium falciparum
CNS involvement |
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In what stage do Plasmodium species infect RBCs?
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merozoites
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For malaria, what part of the reproductive cycle takes place in humans? in mosquitos?
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humans - asexual
mosquitos - sexual |
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This organism can cause dysentery
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Entaameoeba histolytica
ENTaameoba cause dysENTery |
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This organism causes meningitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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Which organism should you worry about contracting as a contact lens wearer?
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Acanthamoeba
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Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis is caused by?
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Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris
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What is different about the life cycle in cryptosporidium versus the other coccidians(cyclospora and isospora)?
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Sporogony is in the host
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Which coccidian is common in AIDS pts?
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Isospora belli
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Balantidium coli causes what type of infection?
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Large intestine epithelium
Abd pain, diarrhea |
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What causes traveler's or backpacker's diarrhea?
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Giardia lamblia
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Which parasite causes vaginitis?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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The trophozoite from this can be seen motile upon culture collection?
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Trichomonas
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This parasite has no cysts!
It replicates by binary fission |
Trichomonas
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Most common helminth infection in the US
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Enterbius vermicularis
pinworm |
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In this organism, the female migrates from the colon to the perianal region to deposit eggs
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Enterobius vermicularis
Scotch tape test! |
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What is characterized by anal pruritis, esp at night?
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Enterobiasis
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What is a common symptom with any helminth infection?
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Eosinophilia
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The larva of trichuris infects where?
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Small Intestine
ingestion of eggs |
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Which worm hatches in the small intestine, migrates to the lungs as a larva, ascends the bronchial tree and is swallowed to mature in the small intestine?
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Ascaris lumbricoides
Roundworm Takes a round about way |
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How do the hookworms infect humans?
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Penetrate the skin
Hook into the host |
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Where is the larva located in a hookworm infection?
The adult? |
Larva penetrate skin and are carried by the blood to the lungs. Get coughed up and travel to
Small Intestine to mature as adult |
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How does strongyloides infect humans?
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Penetrates the skin
Travel through blood to lungs Then, pentrate lungs and travel to duodenal mucosa Strong enough to penetrate! |
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What infection presents with peptic ulcer symptoms with peripheral eosinophilia?
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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What two organisms are transmitted through eating their larvae in pork?
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Trichinella spiralis
Taenia solium |
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Which organism can lead to the symptom of Splinter hemorrhages?
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Trichinella spiralis
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Which organism becomes encysted in striated muscle?
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Trichinella spiralis
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Having puppies apparently puts you at risk(or your children) for this
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Toxocara canis
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Visceral larva migrans is caused by what?
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Toxocara canis / cati
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This parasitic infection can be misdiagnosed as Retinoblastoma
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Ocular larva migrans
Toxocara canis |
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Toxocara canis/cati manifest in 2 ways
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Visceral larva migrans - usually adults
Ocular larva migrans - usually kids |
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This organism does not lay eggs
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Wuchereria bancrofti
(Elephantitis - just think elephants don't lay eggs!) |
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Wuchereria bancrofti causes this disease
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Filariasis
Elephantitis |
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What is the vector for a filariasis infection?
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Mosquitos
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Filariasis primarily affects which body system
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Lymphatics
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What is important to remember when culturing for a filarial infection?
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Timing!
Nocturnal periodicity |
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What are you looking for in culture to diagnose a filariasis infection?
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Microfilariae in blood
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What is the vector for a Mansonella infection?
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Midges
Black flies |
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Classic symptom for Onchocerca volvulus?
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Blindness (river blindness disease)
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What is the vector for onchocerca volvulus
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Black fly
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What is the vector for a Loa Loa infection
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Mango fly
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Name 2 key symptoms for a Loa Loa infection
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Calabar swellings(characteristic for loiasis)
Worm migrating across their eye (but causing no visual deficits) |
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What is important to consider when culturing for a diagnosis of loa loa?
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Timing!
Diurnal periodicity |
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How would you contract dracunculiasis?
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Ingestion of larvae-infected copepods/crustaceans
or drinking infected water |
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Classic symptom for dracunculiasis infection
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Painful blister or ulcer containing the worm
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Moses fiery serpant
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Dracunculiasis
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Most common tapeworm worldwide
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Hymenolepis nana
dwarf tapeworm |
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What tapeworm is found worldwide in contaminated grain products
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Hymenolepis diminuta
rat tapeworm |
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How do you contract diphyllobothriasis
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Ingestion of larvae in fish
FISH tapeworm |
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Which tapeworm can lead to a Vitamin B12 deficiency?
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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What is sparganosis?
How do you get it? |
Subcutaneous infection of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms - painful in eye
Drinking water with infected crustaceans |
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How do you develop taeniasis?
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Eating infected beef or pork
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More serious taeniasis infection?
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Taenia solium!
can develop cysticercosis |
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What organism can lead to cysticercosis
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Taenia solium
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How is a cystercosis infection different from a "normal" taenia solium infection?
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Humans ingest the EGGS versus the larvae
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Clinical symptom of Echinococcosis
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Space-occupying hydatid cysts
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Double pored dog tapeworm
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Dipylidium caninum
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These 2 organisms can lead to cancer development!
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Schistosoma haematobium - squamous cell cancer of bladder
Clonorchis sinensis - cancer of biliary tract |
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How does Schistosoma infect humans
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Larvae/Cercariae mature in snail
Penetrate skin of human in FRESHWATER Shed forked tails (schistosomulae) |
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Where do adult schistosomas infect
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superior mesenteric veins (mansoni and japonicum)
venous plexus of bladder or rectum (haematobium) |
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What environment do flukes like?
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FLUKES = FRESHWATER
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Which fluke causes liver rot?
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Fasciola hepatica
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As a general rule, what organism serves as the intermediate host for flukes?
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Snails
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Which organism's eggs have no operculum (lid)
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Schistosoma
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Largest intestinal fluke in humans
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Fasciolopsis buski
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What two organisms can be found encysted as larvae on aquatic plants
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Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica |
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Which fluke might you contract if you eat infected freshwater fish?
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Clonorchis sinesis
poss. bilary cancer |
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Which fluke might you contract if you eat infected freswater crayfish?
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Paragonimus westermani
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Which fluke infects the lungs and is associated with "rusty sputum"
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Paragonimus westermani
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What is the vector for African trypanosomiasis
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Tsetse fly
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Infective stage for trypanosoma
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Trypomastigotes
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Signs of African Trypanosomiasis
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painful skin ulcer
posterior cervical lymph swelling sleepiness |
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What is the vector for Chaga's disease
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"Kissing" bug
Reduviid |
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Where geographically could you develop Chaga's disease
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rural South America and Mexico
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What stage of trypanosoma infects cells?
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Amastigotes
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Signs of Chaga's disease
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Romana's sign - puffy eye
hepatosplenomegaly meningo-encephalitis myocarditis megacolon |
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What is the vector for Leishmania
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Sand Fly
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What causes visceral leishmaniasis
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Leishmania donovani complex
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What causes cutaneous leishmaniasis
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Leishmania tropica complex
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What causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
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Leishmania braziliensis complex
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Sign of cutaneous leishmaniasis
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cutaneous lesion at bite site
secondary ulcer possible |
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Diagnostic stage for Leishmaniasis
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Amastigotes in blood smears
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Signs of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
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Skin ulcers and involvement of mucosa - like oral or nasal mucosa
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Symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis
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fever
hepatosplenomegaly post kal-azar dermal granuloma |
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Leishmania that is opportunistic for HIV population
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Visceral leishmaniasis
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What gene mutation will probably protect you from malaria
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Sickle cell anemia
Thalassaemias |
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Most common malaria strand worldwide
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Plasmodium vivax
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