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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antagonists
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Muscles that oppose the action of the prime movers. Must be relaxed so movement can occur
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Aponeurosis
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Flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other tissues at their origin or insertion
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Atrophy
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Wasting away (degeneration)
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Bursa
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Sac or cavity lines w/ synovial membrane, filled w/synovial fluid. Reduces friction btwn tendon & bone, tendon & ligament, etc
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Epimysium (fascia)
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Outermost sheath of connective tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle
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Flaccid
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Lacking tone in muscle; flabby
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Hypertrophy
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Increase in size of an organ or structure
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Intramuscular
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Within a muscle
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Involuntary
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Independent of the will
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Ligament
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Band of strong fibrous connective tissue connecting the articular ends of bones serving to bind them together and facilitate or limit motion
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Muscle fatigue
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Loss of power to contract after prolonged periods of muscle contraction
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Muscle spasm
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An involuntary, abnormal muscular contraction
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Muscular system
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System of the human body involving muscles and their attachments that work with the skeletal system to produce movement (composes 35-50 % of total weight of the body)
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Myology
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Study of muscles
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Prime Movers
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Muscles that are responsible for prime action
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Synergists
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Muscles that assist the prime movers by stabilizing the joint
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Tendon
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Tough cord or band of dense white connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part and that transmits the force which the muscle exerts. ATtaches muscle to bone (the periostreum.
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Orbicularis oculi
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Closes eyelids
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Orbicularis oris
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Draws lips together as in kissing
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Buccinator
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"Trumpeter's muscle' used in blowing, whistling, and smiling
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Masseter
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Closes jaw as in chewing
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Trapezius
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Moves shoulders by raising and throwing them back; assists in moving head to one side or the other; hyperextends head when occiput acts as insertion; helps hold head erect
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Rotates head from side-to side; flexes upper vertebral column and head as in bowing the head; "praying muscle", helps hold head erect
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Deltoid
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Moves the upper arm at the shoulder joint
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Biceps brachii
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Flexes the upper arm when the hand is supinated
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Triceps brachii
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EXtends the upper arm
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Brachialis
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Flexes the upper arm when the hand is pronated
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Muscles of the forearms
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Flex and extend the forearms, wrists, and fingers
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Pectoralis major
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Flexes and adducts upper arm anteriorly across the chest
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Serratus anterior
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Moves the scapula forward as in pushing something
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Intercostals
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Assists in respirations by enlarging the thoracic cavity on inspiration
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Latissimus dorsi
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Brings down arms forcibly as in swimming
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Abdominal muscles
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Assist indirectly in respiration as they relax when the diaphragm contracts, and vice versa;
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Diaphragm
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Main muscle used in breathing which contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
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Levator ani and coccygeus
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Support pelvic organs and act on rectum to aid with defecation
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Gluteus maximus
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Functions in maintaining an erect position, extends and rotates thigh, and is very important in walking and running
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Gluteus minimus
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Abducts thigh, rotates thigh outward, stabilizes pelvis in femur, and extends thigh
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Sartorius
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Adducts and flexes leg; called "tailor's muscle" because it is used in crossing legs
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Quadriceps femoris
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Extends knee as in kicking football; includes four parts
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Adductors
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Include three in group; press thighs together, as in horseback riding
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Hamstrings
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Include three in group; flex lower leg making angle at the knee joint smaller
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Gastrocnemius
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Extends the foot; used to stand on tiptoes' is called the "dancer's muscle"
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Tibialis anterior
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Flexes foot and inverts ankle used to walk on heels
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Peroneus longus
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Everts the ankle
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