Orthopedics Terminology- Msk

Front 1

Flexion

Back 1

↓ the angle between two bones

Front 2

Extension

Back 2

↑ the angle between two bones

Front 3

recurvatum

Back 3

Hyperextension

Front 4

Abduction

Back 4

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Front 5

Adduction

Back 5

Movement of a body part toward the midline

Front 6

Apposition

Back 6

Placing side by side

Front 7

Proximal

Back 7

Describing structures that are closer to the trunk

Front 8

Distal

Back 8

Location in an extremity nearer the free end

Front 9

Medial

Back 9

Lying toward the midline

Front 10

Lateral

Back 10

Lying away from the midline

Front 11

Volar

Back 11

Anterior surface of forearm, wrist, and hand(aka palmar)

Front 12

Palmar

Back 12

Corresponding to the palm of the hand (anterior)

Front 13

Plantar

Back 13

Sole of the foot

Front 14

Dorsal

Back 14

Toward the posterior surface of the body

Front 15

Ventral

Back 15

Anterior aspect of human body

Front 16

Varus

Back 16

Genu varum - Bowlegged deformity - tibia = Adduction, knees = Adducted

Front 17

Valgus

Back 17

Genu valgum - Knocked knees - tibia = Abduction, knees = abducted

Front 18

Atrophy

Back 18

Wasting or ↓ in size of a body organ, tissue, or part

Front 19

Crepitance

Back 19

Crackling or popping sound of bones/joints

Front 20

Sprain

Back 20

Damage or tearing of LIGAMENTs or a joint capsule

Front 21

Strain

Back 21

Damage or tearing of MUSCLE

Front 22

Diaphysis

Back 22

SHAFT of long bone

Front 23

Metaphysis

Back 23

Broad portion of long bone adjacent to a joint; Children - the broad portion of a long bone includes the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis

Front 24

Epiphysis

Back 24

Part of long bone developed from a center of ossification(distinct from shaft) and separated at first by a layer of cartilage (endochondral ossification)

Front 25

Physis

Back 25

Growth plate (long bone = makes longer) - located between metaphysis and epihysis in children

Front 26

Apophysis

Back 26

Cartilaginous structure at the insertion of a muslce group into bone -> attachment site for tendon; aka muscle|cartilage|bone sandwhich (ie tubercle tuberosity); susceptible to overuse syndrome + pediatric athlete = acute fracture

Front 27

Coronal plane

Back 27

Plane that goes vertically through the body and is perpendicular to the median plane. Divides body into anterior and posterior

Front 28

Saggital plane

Back 28

Plane that passes vertically through the body; divides body into medial and lateral sections

Front 29

Transverse plane

Back 29

Horizontal section of the body

Front 30

Dislocation

Back 30

No contact of the articular surfaces of bone; Direction = position of the distal bone(ie anterior dislocation of shoulder = humerus is displaced anterior to the scapula)

Front 31

Subluxation

Back 31

Incomplete disruption of two bones that form a joint (Ie joint surfaces remain partially intact)

Front 32

Effusion

Back 32

Seeping of serous(watery), purulent(pus), or bloody fluid into a body cavity/tissue

Front 33

Arthrocentesis

Back 33

Aspiration of a joint(aka stick needle into joint and remove fluid)

Front 34

Arthrodesis

Back 34

Surgical fusion of a joint

Front 35

Arthroplasty

Back 35

Procedure that replaces or mobilizes a joint -> puts in an implant; Total joint arthroplasty = replacement of both sides of joint; Hemiarthroplasty = replaces only one side of a joint

Front 36

Osteonecrosis

Back 36

Destruction and death of bone tissue

Front 37

Radiolucent

Back 37

Allowing passage of X-rays (dark color on radiograph)

Front 38

Opacity

Back 38

Opaque - prevents light from shining through(white on radiograph)

Front 39

Greenstick fracture

Back 39

Fracture that only disrupts one side of the bone -> seen in children b/c of greater plasticity of their bones

Front 40

Torus "buckle" fracture

Back 40

Most common = distal radius; longitudinal compression injury in shildren -> outward buckling of the cortex of the distal end of a bone shaft

Front 41

Malunion

Back 41

Faulty union of pieces of fractured bone

Front 42

Delayed union

Back 42

Any fracture that fails to heal clinically in 3 months

Front 43

Non-union

Back 43

Lack of progressive change toward union on serial x-ray;

Front 44

Hypertrophic non-union

Back 44

Callus is formed but the bone fractures have not joined

Front 45

Atrophic non-union

Back 45

No callus formed. Due to impaired bony healing

Front 46

Arthrosis

Back 46

Degenerative disease of a joint

Front 47

Pseudoarthrosis

Back 47

False joint produced when a fracture or arthrodesis(surgical fusion of a joint) fails to heal

Front 48

Ankylosis

Back 48

Consolidation of bone or their part to form a single unit (bone fusion); stiffening and immobility of a joint as the result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

Front 49

Neuropathy

Back 49

Disorder of NS(neuron itself, myelin sheath) -> can cause pain, loss of sensation, weakness, parasthesia, paralysis, muscle atrophy, disturbances of ANS;