Orthopedics

Front 1

LIST 12 ELEMENTS OF LONG BONE

Back 1

PERIOSTEUM, ENDOSTEUM, DIAPHYSIS, PROXIMAL AND DISTAL EPIPHYSIS, MEDULLARY CAVIY, YELLOW BONE MARROW, COMPACT BONE, SPONGY BONE, EPIPHYSEAL LINE, ARTICULAR CARTILAGE, RED BONE MARROW CAVITY

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LIST THE 6 STRUCTURES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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BONY VERTEBRAE, INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS, SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS, SPINAL CORD, VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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LIST 5 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

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PROVIDES FRAMEWORK FOR SUPPORT, POINT OF ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLE, PROTECTS INTERNAL ORGANS, SOURCE OF RBCs B/C CONTAINS RED MARROW, STORAGE SITE AND SOURCE OF CALCIUM

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4 FACTORS AFFECTING BONE GROWTH

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HORMONES, HEREDITY, NUTRITION, EXERCISE

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IN ADDITION TO CALCIUM, NAME FOUR OTHER MINERALS STORED IN BONE

Back 5

PHOSPHOROUS, MAGNESIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM

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SHOULDER OR PECTORAL GIRDLE CONSISTS OF WHAT 3 JOINTS? DESCRIBE FUNCTION OF EACH

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GLENOHUMERAL JOINT: WIDEST RANGE OF MOTION, STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT: STERNUM/CLAVICLE, ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (A/C) JOINT: ARTICULATION BETWEEN CLAVICLE & ACROMION

Front 7

LIST MUSCLES SURROUNDING SHOULDER JOINT

Back 7

INFRASPINATOUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS, SUPRASPINATOUS...KNOWN COLLECTIVELY AS ROTATOR CUFF

Front 8

DEFINE PURPOSE OF LIGAMENT

Back 8

BAND OF FIBROUS TISSUE COMPOSED OF COLLAGEN THAT CONNECT BONE TO BONE

Front 9

DEFINE TENDON

Back 9

FIBROUS PORTION OF MUSCLE, SERVING TO ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES AND OTHER PARTS

Front 10

DEFINE CARTILAGE

Back 10

NONVASCULAR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT'S LOCATED IN JOINTS, LARYNX, TRACHEA, THORAX, NOSE, & EAR

Front 11

DEFINE PERIOSTEUM

Back 11

FIBROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS BONE EXCEPT AT ARTICULAR SURFACES AND PROVIDES BONE WITH VASCULAR AND NERVOUS SUPPLY

Front 12

HOW ARE JOINTS CLASSIFIED?

Back 12

ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF MOVEMENT AND SHAPE OF ARTICULATING SURFACES

Front 13

DEFINE CORTICAL BONE

Back 13

TYPE OF BONE TISSUE THAT'S HARD AND DENSE, AND THAT SURROUNDS THE MARROW CAVITY; AKA COMPACT BONE

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DEFINE CANCELLOUS BONE

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AKA SPONGY BONE; FOUND AT ENDS OF BONE AND LINING MEDULLARY CAVITY; COMPOSED OF TRABECULAE COLUMNS WITH LARGE SPACES IN BETWEEN

Front 15

NAME BONES THAT COMPRISE KNEE JOINT

Back 15

LATERAL AND MEDIAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR AND TIBIA AND SUPERIOR END OF FIBULA

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DSCRIBE PURPOSES OF ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

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HELP STABILIZE MOVEMENTS OF THE JOIN. PCL PREVENTS FEMUR FROM SLIDING ANTERIORLY ON TIBIA. ACL PREVENTS HYPEREXTENSION OF KNEE, PREVENTS FEMUR FROM SLIDING POSTERIORLY ON TIBIA, AND LIMITS MEDIAL ROTATION OF FEMUR WHEN LEG IS IN FIXED POSITION WITH FOOT PLANTED.

Front 17

DESCRIBE PURPOSE OF MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCI

Back 17

MINISCI CUSHION KNEE JOINT TO WITHSTAND ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WALKING, RUNNING, AND JUMPING

Front 18

WHAT IS MOST COMMON TYPE OF MENISCAL TEAR? DESCRIBE DEFECT

Back 18

THE BUCKET HANDLE FRACTURE: INCOMPLETE LONGITUDINAL TEAR WITH DISPLACEMENT OF INNER PORTION OF THE MENISCUS

Front 19

WHY IS THE LACHMAN AND DRAWER EXAM PERFORMED?

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TO EVALUATE ACL INJURIES...TO DIAGNOSE AND CONFIRM AN ACL TEAR. IT TESTS STABILITY OF KNEE.

Front 20

LIST 5 STAGES OF OSTEOGENESIS AND WHAT OCCURS IN EACH

Back 20

STAGE 1-INFLAMMATION: FRACTURE HEMATOMA FORMED; THESE CLOTS ARE FOUNDATION FOR STAGE 2. STAGE 2-CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: MACROPHAGES DEBRIDE AREA AND ALLOW FORMATION OF FIBRIN MESH SEAL THAT APPROXIMATES EDGES OF FRACTURE. STAGE 3-CALLOUS FORMATION: SOFT TISSUE GROWTH CONTINUES & BONE GROWTH FRAGMENTS GROW TOWARD ONE ANOTHER, BRIDGING THE GAP. STAGE 4-OSSIFICATION: MATRIX OF OSTEOBLASTS (OSTEOIDS) CALCIFIES, FIRMLY UNITING THE BONE. STAGE 5-REMODELING: ANY DEBITALIZED TISSUE IS REMOVED AND NEW BONE IS ORGANIZED TO PROVIDE MAXIMUM SUPPORT AND FUNCTION.

Front 21

MAX TOURNIQUET PRESSURE TIME ON UPPER EXTREMITY? LOWER?

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1 1/2 HRS.-UPPER; 2 HRS.-LOWER

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HOW ARE INFLATION PRESSURES DETERMINED?

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BY THE DOCTOR BASED ON AGE, HEALTH, & WEIGHT OF PATIENT

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PURPOSE OF ESMARCH BANDAGE USE WITH TOURNIQUET?

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EXSANGUINATION

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DESCRIBE NON-UNION. REASONS IT MIGHT OCCUR?

Back 24

FRACTURED BONE ENDS DON'T UNITE; USUALLY CAUSED BY INFECTION OR MOVEMENT OF FRACTURE SITE

Front 25

DEFINE OSTEOPOROSIS.

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DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE LOSS OF CALCIUM FROM BONE WITHOUT REPLACEMENT, CAUSING A LOSS IN BONE DENSITY.

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**MAIN COMPLICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS?

Back 26

******LOSS IN BONE DENSITY????******FRACTURES???????

Front 27

CAUSE OF COMPARTMENTAL SYNDROME? HOW IS IT MANIFESTED?

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INCREASED RESTING PRESSURE IN A CONTAINED COMPARTMENT, SUCH AS LEG OR FOREARM. RESULT IS DECREASED VENOUS DRAINAGE, LOSS OF ARTERIAL INFLOW, AND DEATH TO MUSCLE CONTAINED IN COMPARTMENT. THIS HAPPENS WHEN THERE HAS BEEN AN EMERGENT INJURY TO THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Front 28

ELEVATED ESR IS AN INDICATOR OF WHAT?

Back 28

INFLAMMATION...CONDITIONS SUCH AS RA AND ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Front 29

LIST 8 BONES OF CRANIUM AND THEIR LOCATION

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FRONTAL BONE: ABOVE EYES, PARIETAL BONES: ONE OF EACH SIDE OF SKULL FORMING ROOF AND SIDES OF CRANIUM, OCCIPITAL BONE: FORM BACK AND BASE OF CRANIUM, TEMPORAL BONES: FORM PARTS OF SIDE AND BASE OF CRANIUM ON EACH SIDE & JOIN PARIETAL BONE, SPHENOID BONE: AIDS IN FORMING BASE & SIDES OF CRANIUM & FLOORS & SIDES OF ORBIT, ETHMOID BONE: INFRONT OF SPHENOID

Front 30

LIST 14 FACIAL BONES.

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2 MAXILLAE, 2 PALATINE BONES, 2 ZYGOMATIC BONES, 2 LACRIMAL BONES, 2 NASAL BONES, VOMER, MANDIBLE, 2 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE

Front 31

PURPOSE OF TRACTION? LIST 3 TYPES.

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TO IMMOBILIZE A JOINT, REDUCE A FRACTURE, & ALIGN A BODY PART; MANUAL, SKIN, AND SKELETAL

Front 32

WHAT IS PMMA? WHICH TYPES OF PROCEDURES WOULD PMMA BE USED IN?

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POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; USED TO SECURE AND CEMENT SOME ORTHO IMPLANTS. EX. ARE TOTAL KNEE AND HIP ARTHROPLASTY.

Front 33

LIST REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR ARTHROSCOPY.

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VIDEO MONITOR, LIGHT SOURCE, ARTHROSCOPY PUMP, PUMP TUBING, WATER OR SALINE, PATELLA SHAVER, CAMERA, PRINTER & PAPER, ESU

Front 34

LIST VARIOUS ALLOYS IMPLANTS MAY BE COMPOSED OF. WHY SHOULD COMPONENTS BE MADE OF THE SAME ALLOY?

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TITANIUM, STAINLESS STEEL, & COBALT CHROMIUM; DIFFT. ALLOYS WILL CORRODE CAUSING BREAKDOWN OF IMPLANT LEADING TO DELAYED HEALING AND EVEN INFECTION.

Front 35

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OSCILLATING AND RECIPROCATING SAW?

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RECIPROCATING MOVES IN & OUT AND OSCILLATING VIBRATES BACK & FORTH

Front 36

MOST FREQUENTLY USED HEMOSTATIC AGENTS IN ORTHO?HOW UTILIZED?

Back 36

GELFOAM-USED IN PAD FORM & PLACED ON BONE WHERE CAPILLARY BLEEDING IS TAKING PLACE;AVITENE-APPLIED DRY WITH SMOOTH FORCEPS TO OOZING SURFACE OF BONE; THROMBIN-USED TOPICAL...NEVER INJECTED; BONE WAX-APPLIED TO WOUND SITE TO STOP OOZING FROM CUT SURFACES

Front 37

WHAT'S CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME? HOW IS IT TREATED?

Back 37

A COMMON ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME OF UPPER EXTREMITY THAT'S FREQUENTLY WORK RELATED AND POSSIBLY DUE TO REPEATED MOTIONS. IT CAN BE TREATED BY SURGICAL SURGICAL RELEASE OF THE TRANSVERSE CARPAL LIGAMENT TO RELIEVE PRESSURE ON THE MEDIAN NERVE

Front 38

WHAT DOES ORIF MEAN? HOW IS IT ACCOMPLISHED?

Back 38

OPEN REDUCTION INTERNAL FIXATION; THIS REQUIRES INTERNAL MANIPULATION OF THE BONE FRAGMENTS AND THE APPLICATION OF A STABILIZING OR FIXATING DEVICE (ORTHO IMPLANT)

Front 39

HOW ARE ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES TREATED?

Back 39

REPAIR TORN ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES FROM THE SCAPULA AND CLAVICLE WITH ATTACHMENT TO THE GREATER HUMERAL TUBEROSITY

Front 40

WHAT IS TKR? THR?

Back 40

TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT; TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT