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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Median plane is also known as?
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Mid sagittal plane
parallel planes are known as sagittal |
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what is supination
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flipping hand to palm side up
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Pronation?
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Dorsal side up
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what are the 4 basic types of tissues?
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1. epithelium
2.connective tissue(proper) specialized(bone and cartiliage and blood 3. Nervous 4. muscle |
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H and E stain
Hemotoxylin |
1. positive charge
2. basic dyes bind phosphates, sulfate, and carboxyl 3. Purple or blue stains are BASOPHILIC |
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Eosin stain
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1. acidic dyes bind to cationic groups
2. Cells with lots of organelles or intermediate filaments stain heavy with eosin 3. ACIDOPHILIC PINK |
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neurons are ?
with unfolded chromatin called |
Active
euchromatin |
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Neuroglial are less?
clumped chromosomes |
heterochromatin (basophilic)
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Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and are what color?
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Blue/purple because of RER
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Parietal cells secrete HCL and are ?
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Pink because of acid
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Collagen is what color in H and E?
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Pink because of charged amino group
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Hyaline cartilage is what color
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Blue/purple because of sulfated proteglycans in matrix
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Posterior rami innervate what?
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Deep muscles and skin of back
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anterior rami innervate what?
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Most of the body, except the head
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what is a dermatome
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region of the skin that is supplied by one spinal nerve
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what does the axial skeletom consist of?
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Vertebral column, cranium rib cage and sternum. everything else is the appendicular skeletom
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what sections of the back are primary curves
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sacral and thoracic concave anterior
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secondary curves
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cervical and lumbar
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primary curves have what type of deformity
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kyphosis
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secondary curves have what type of deforimty
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lordosis
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A rib hump is on which side for scoliosis
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convex side
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scoliosis comes from what type of vertebra?
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Hemi vertebra
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pedicle
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part between vertebral body and transverse process
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laminae
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part between transverse process and spinous process
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articular processes are what type of joints?
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synovial joints
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spina bifida occulta
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asymptomatic (tuft of hair)
vertebral arches fail to fuse and leave open space |
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C7
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vertebra prominens
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symphysis joints
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vertebral bodies and fibrocartilage intervertebral disks
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zygapophysial joints
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synovial joints
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Intervertebral disks are made of
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Anulus fibrosus - fibrocartilage
nucleus pulposis- geletinous material |
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erect sitting uses
relaxed sitting |
contracted back muscles
hang on ligaments |
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Uncovertebral joints are found in
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the vertebral bodies of C3 to C6
synovial joints since fluid filled |
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anterior/ posterior ligaments attach to what in the spine
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vertebral bodies
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ligamentum flavum connect what
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the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
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1/2 of cervical flexion occurs where
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atlanoaxial joint
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the atlanotoccipital joints allows the head to do what
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nod
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alar ligaments attach
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the dens to the foramen magnum
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Lumbarization
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6 lumbar and 4 sacral
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sacralization
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4 lumbar and 6 fused sacral
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spondylolysis (fracture itself)
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scottie the dog with collar
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spondylolisthesis (actual slippage)
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scottie the dog is decapitated
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what is spinal stenosis
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narrowing of the foramina
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Reg char of Cervical vertebrae
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Transverse process with foramina for vertebral arteries
C3 -C6 haave uncinate processes Atlas no body +articulate facet for dens Axis has a dens or odontoid process |
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Reg char of thoracic vert
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Super costal facet articulates with corresponding rib
inferior with lower rib rib 11 and 12 lack facets (floating) inferior sloping spinous processes foramina are circular |
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reg char of lumbar
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largest vertebral body
Mammilary bodies short and blunt |
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Sacral Hiatus
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deliver epidural
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Sacral Canel houses what
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cauda equina
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Reg char of sacral
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4 pairs of anterior/posterior foramina used for dorsal ventral rami
2 large L shaped facets for pelvis (sacroiliac joint) |