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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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OH
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o/p act
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NH2
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o/p act
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OCH3
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o/p act, methoxy
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OC=OR
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o/p act
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NHC=OR
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o/p act
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alkyl
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o/p act
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halides
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deactiv
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N+R3
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deactiv
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NO2
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deactiv
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C=N
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deactiv
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SO3
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deactiv
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O=CH
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deactiv
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O=CR
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deactiv
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O=COH
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deactiv
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O=COR
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deactiv
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with I2 use
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CuCl2
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CH3Cl/AlCl3
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-aromatic ring must be >/equal to reactiv. of halobenzene
-1° alkyl halide undergo carb. rearr. |
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CH3C=OCl/AlCl3
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can use to create ketone then secondary alcohol
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NO2 to NH2
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Fe, H30+ / OH-
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activated aryl halide (ring with Cl, NO2's), add OH
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use NaOH / H20
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adding NH2 to aryl halide
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Na+NH2- / NH3
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making carb acid on alkylbenzene chain (O=COH)
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KMn04 / H20
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Brominate alkylbenzene side chain
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NBS / CCl4
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take away double bonds from benzene
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H2 / Rh, heat
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reduce alkyl ketone on ring to eliminate the O
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H2/ Pd/C
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reduce =O to alcohol
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NaBH4/LiAlH4 / H30+
LiAlH4 needed for esters and carboxylic acids |
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adding R to ketone, and making it -OH
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RMgBr, ether / H30+
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3° alcohol to alkene
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H30+
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2° and 3° alcohols to alkene
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POCl3 / pyridine
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OH to =O (aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ketone)
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PCC / CH2Cl2
CrO3 / H30+, acetone (for carb. acid) |
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phenol to quinone
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Fremy's salt
(KSO3)2 NO / H2O |
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to add NO2 to ring
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HNO3, H2SO4
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to add SO3H to ring
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SO3, H2SO4
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to make benzyne intermediate
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strong base, like NH2
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for nucleophilic aromatic substitution need
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electron withdrawing groups, like NH3 --> NH2
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alkene to markovnikov alcohol
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Hg(OAc)2/ NaBH4
or H2O/ H2SO4 |
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alkene to anti-markovnikov alcohol
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BH3/ H2O2
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alkene to diol (2 OHs add)
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OsO4/ H2O
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make OH to Cl
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SOCl2
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make OH to Br
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PBr3
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make OH to OTs
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TsCl / ring with N as one C
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make substituent N3 (Cl, Ots, etc)
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NaN3 / DMSO
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3600-3200
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O-H
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1050-1150
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strong C-O
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3.5-4.5
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H on C attached to an O
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50-60 ppm
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C attached to an O
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splits double bond into =O O=
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O3/ Zn, H3O+
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williamson ether synthesis
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RO- + RCH2X --> RCH2OR + X
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alkene to alkane with H and OR adding
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ROH, (CF3CO2)2 Hg // NaBH4
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ether with HBr or HI
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RX + ROH
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claisen rearrangement
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substituent attached to O moves one away, O becomes OH
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epoxide with H3O+
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adds two OH's
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epoxide with HBr
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adds OH and Br
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epoxide with RO, ROH
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adds OR and OH
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H2C-epoxide-CH2
with RMgX, ether and H3O+ |
RCH2CH2OH
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RCH2Br
with (H2N)2C=S H2O, NaOH |
RCH2SH
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2 RSH with I2, H2O
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RS--SR
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RS- + RCH2Br
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RSCH2R + Br
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R--S--R with H2O2
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sulfone
R--S=O--R |
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sulfone to double sulfone
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RCO3H
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