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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bond Length Determinants
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In order:
1.) Atom Size 2.) Bond Multiplicity (single, double, triple) 3.) Hybridization (sp^3, etc.) |
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Why does hybridization play a role in bond length?
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% s character: The more s-like a hybridization is, the closer the electrons are to nucleus, the smaller the atom shape
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Periodic trend for Atom Size?
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Atoms get smaller the farther the right because higher proton/electron ratio.
H is the smallest atom |
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What is hybridization?
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Way to combine atomic orbitals to fit the geometric binding of the atoms.
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What is considered attached in hybridization?
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NBE that don't contribute to a resonance form. Localized electrons. Also, any sigma bonds.
pi and delocalized electrons don't count towards hybridization. |
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What is electronic geometry?
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The way the molecule actually looks. Now literally, but in a way we can visualize.
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What is more important: Electronic or Observable Geometry?
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Electronic Geometry
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What is observable geometry?
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What the atom configuration looks like.
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Best proton acceptor?
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Most basic atom
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How can you tell the acidicity or basicity of an atom?
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pKa table
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Best proton donor?
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Most acidic atom
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What does low pKa mean?
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More acidic
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Why are atoms more acidic when they are bigger?
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It is because they have more room to let their electrons move around, so they have more stability, which means a better acid.
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A strong acid is what kind of base?
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A weak base
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A strong base is what kind of acid?
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A weak acid
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A strong conjugate acid is what kind of base?
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A weak base (or a strong acid)
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A strong conjugate base is what kind of acid?
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A weak acid (or a strong base)
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What is the relationship between acids and bases in terms of what kind they are?
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Any acid and base can be treated as an acid or base, but the general rule of thumb is that a Strong Acid is a weak base and a strong base is a weak acid
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What is a constitutional isomer?
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A molecule with the same formula, but different connectivities
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What is complexation?
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When two molecules bind together, with one have NBE
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What is the acid in Lewis Acid/Base?
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The molecule receiving electrons
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What is the base in Lewis Acid/Base?
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The molecule donating the electrons
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What is charge separation?
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The repulsion of two atoms because of like-charges and proximity to each other.
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Electronegativity Trend?
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More electronegative to the right and up. Fluorine is most electronegative. Francium is the least electronegative
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What is electronegativity?
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Electron affinity. The ability for an atom to pull electrons close to itself. Due to more protons per electron
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What atoms avoid octet rule?
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Except 3rd row and below. And boron.
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What counts as a unit of unsaturation?
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Rings and pi bonds.
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Major contributer to a resonance form?
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The one that minimizes charge, has +/- 1 charge MAX, no separation of charge. Negative charge on most electronegative atom, positive on least electronegative.
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Rule of thumb with BP with molecules?
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The more bond interactions, the higher the BP
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What are the weak intermolecular forces?
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1.)Van der Waals (weakest)
2.)Dipole-Dipole Interactions 3.)Hydrogen Bonding (strongest) |
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Who is donor in Hydrogen bonding?
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The atom with the H that is bonding.
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What is the acceptor in hydrogen bonding?
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The atom that doesn't have the H.
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CH_4 is what kind of VSEPR, hybridization and observable geometry?
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VSEPR: 4
Hybridization: sp^3 Obs. Geom: Tetrahedral |
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C_3_H_3 is what kind of VSEPR, Hybrid and obs. geom?
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VSEPR: 3
Hybrid: sp^2 Obs. Geom.: Pyrimidal |
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C_2_H_2 is what kind of VSEPR, Hybrid and obs. geom.?
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VSEPR: 2
Hybrid: sp Obs. Geom: linear |
