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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what happens in a systolic dysfunction
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the heart fails to pump
INABILITY TO EMPTY THE BLOOD |
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what happens in a diastolic dysfunction
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stiff ventricles fill w/ less blood than normal
INABILITY TO FILL B/C VENTRICLES WON'T PROPERLY RELAX |
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what increases and decreases in systolic dysfunction
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EDV increases
SV is normal Ejection fraction decreases |
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what increases and decreases in diastolic dysfunction
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EDV decreases
SV decreases Ejection fraction doesn't change (this is because the amount of blood pumped out has decreased) |
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what is the majority of heart failure
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systolic
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who doesn't have a cardiac reserve
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people w/ heart failure
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what happens to the valves in stenosis
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they don't open properly
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what happens to the valves in regurgitation
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they don't close properly
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what prevents back flow in systole
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AV valve
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what prevents back flow during diastole
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semilunar valve
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when do you hear the 1st heart sound (lub)
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when the AV valve closese at the end of diastole
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when do you hear the 2nd heart sound (dub)
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when the semilunar valve closes at the end of systole
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what causes abnormal heart sounds
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ventricular lesions (valves not working properly)
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what are reasons that ventricular lesions may occur
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congenital defects (birth defects)
streptococcal infection (rheumatic fever) - this may cause calcification/fibrosis of the valves causing them to close/open improperly |
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what are the results of valve damage
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stenosis of the valve - valve gets narrowed and doesn't open properly
destruction of valve - may lead to regurgitation/insufficiency (valve doesn't close properly) |
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what happens in Aortic stenosis
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aortic valve doesn't open properly
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what kind of murmur is heard during Aortic stenosis
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systolic murmur heard between S1 and S2
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what is Aortic stenosis
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the aortic valve is suppose to be open during systole but it opens only narrowly, forcing blood to gush through a small opening
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what type of dysfunction is Aortic stenosis
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systolic (inability to empty)
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what happens to the ventricles during Aortic stenosis
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left ventricle hypertrophy due to the increased pressure the ventricle has to work @ in order to pump blood through the narrow opening and into the aorta
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how can ventriclular hypertrophy occur
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it occurs when the ventricle has too much pressure or to high of a volume of blood
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what is the pressure in a ventricle undergoing Aortic stenosis
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normal pressure 120
new pressure 300 |
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what pressure is transfered to the blood in Aortic stenosis
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only 120 eventhough the ventricle is working @ a pressure of 300
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what happens in Aortic regurgitation
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aortic valve doesn't close properly
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what kind of murmur is heard in Aortic regurgitation
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diastolic murmur b/c during diastole the aortic valve should be closed but as a result there is blood leaking back in
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what kind of dysfunction is Aortic regurgitation
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systolic dysfunction
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where does blood come from in Aortic regurgitation
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blood comes from the atria (av valve) and the aortic valve due to the aortic valve not properly closing and allowing blood to leak back into the ventricle
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when does Aortic regurgitation occur
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when the ventricle is relaxing
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does hypertrophy occur in Aortic regurgitation and if so why
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left ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to the increased volume of blood coming back into the ventricle (get 250 ml instead of normal 100ml)
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what occurs in Mitral regurgitation
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during systole the mitral valve should be closed and blood should flow from the ventricle into the aorta but in Mitral regurgitation the mitral valve isn't properly closed causing blood to go from the ventricle into the atria and also the aorta
BLOOD GOES BACK INTO THE ATRIA B/C PRESSURE GOES FROM HIGH TO LOW AND THE PRESSURE IN THE VENTRICLE IS HIGHER THAN THE ATRIA |
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what kind of murmur is heard in Mitral regurgitation
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systolic murmur
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what kind of dysfunction is Mitral regurgitation
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systolic dysfunction b/c instead of emptying blood into the aorta only, some blood is also pumped into the atria
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what kind of hypertrophy occurs in Mitral regurgitation
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left atria hypertrophy and left ventricular hypertrophy due to the increased volume in both the atria and ventricle
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what occurs in Mitral stenosis
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mitral valve doesn't open well
normally during diastole mitral valve is opened and all the blood in the atria is pumped into the ventricle, but since the valve isn't properly opening the blood is forced to gush through the narrow opening |
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what kind of murmur occurs in Mitral stenosis
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diastolic murmur
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what kind of dysfunction occurs in Mitral stenosis
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diastolic dysfunction
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what kind of hypertrophy occurs in Mitral stenosis
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in true mitral stenosis only left atria hypertrophy occurs due to the large amount of volume of blood
left ventricular hypertrophy is not associated w/ Mitral stenosis |
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what valve lessions does a decrease in CO occur
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Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation |
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what is hypertrophy in the heart
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enlargement of the noncontractile parts of the heart
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why is hypertrophy of the heart bad
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a dilated heart is more prone to dysrhythmia/fibrilation due to the re-entry phenomenom
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what happens to the cardiac reserve of people with valvelar lessions
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they have a low cardiac reserve and can only take a low work load during exercise
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what is Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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this occurs after a child is born and the duct between the Aorta and the Pulmonary Artery should be closed but for some reason it is not and as a result the oxygenated blood from the Aorta is being pumped into the Pulmonary Artery b/c the aorta works at a higher pressure, causing the already oxygenated blood to get oxygenated again
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what removes the Ductus Arteriousus in new borns
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the back flow of blood from the high pressure aorta to the low pressure pulmonary artery
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what murmur is heard in Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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systolic and diastolic
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what happens to the CO of kids with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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their CO decreases because some of the oxygenated blood from the aorta flows back into the pulmonary artery and gets oxygenated again
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