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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Equity theory and expectancy theory:
a. are both content theories b. are both extensions of Maslow c. each involve need satisfaction d. are both process theories |
are both process theories
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Valence is defined by Vroom as the:
a. value attached by an individual to various work outcomes b. given level of achieved task performance c. anticipation of negative inequities d. value attached by an individual to effort |
value attached by an individual to various work outcomes
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The need level immediately preceding self-actualisation in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is:
a. social b. safety c. esteem d. security |
esteem
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One of the needs in Alderfer’s theory is called:
a. physiological b. growth c. self-actualisation d. security |
growth
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To work well, merit pay plans should:
a. be dependent on cost-of-living adjustments b. be based on group incentives c. make pay contingent on satisfaction d. be based on accurate measure of individual performance |
be based on accurate measure of individual performance
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Maslow’s theory:
a. applies equally to all people b. is a content motivation theory c. is more a theory of leadership than of motivation d. is a process motivation theory |
is a content motivation theory
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Lifelong learning can be defined as:
a. The total experience that we have during our working careers. b. The commitment that an organization shows to employee development and learning c. The adoption of a philosophy that we learn throughout our lives, and that learning does not cease when we reach a certain age d. the culmination of qualifications that we accrue over our lifetime |
The adoption of a philosophy that we learn throughout our lives, and that learning does not cease when we reach a certain age
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Herzberg’s theory does not include:
a. satisfiers b. hygiene factors c. equity d. job content factors |
equity
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A worker being reprimanded for absenteeism is an example of which OB Mod strategy?
a. extinction b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. shaping |
punishment
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A person’s belief that he or she can perform adequately in a situation is called:
a. self-efficacy b. empowerment c. motivation d. competency building |
self-efficacy
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Social learning theory is associated with the work of: + Show question
a. Abraham Maslow b. B. F. Skinner c. E L. Thorndike d. Albert Bandura |
Albert Bandura
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When a manager counsels an employee’s co-workers to stop ‘covering up’ for the worker’s lateness and poor performance, it is ...
a. punishment b. negative reinforcement c. extinction d. shaping |
extinction
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Intermittent reinforcement:
a. is a reinforcement schedule that rewards behaviour only periodically b. is a reinforcement schedule that administers a reward each time a desired behaviour occurs c. is the creation of new behaviour by positive reinforcement d. is reinforcement only after punishment is administered |
is a reinforcement schedule that rewards behaviour only periodically
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Ethical concerns about systemic use of punishment include that:
a. it is always the innocent worker who is punished b. it is not effective at all in changing behaviour c. it is inequitably administered d. managers can abuse their power |
managers can abuse their power
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Social learning theory is achieved through reciprocal interactions among:
a. people, behaviour and environment b. motivation, needs and performance c. knowledge and skill d. performance and human resource maintenance |
people, behaviour and environment
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Strengthening of desirable behaviour comes from:
a. positive and negative reinforcement positive reinforcement and extinction c. extinction and avoidance d. avoidance and punishment |
positive and negative reinforcement
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Self-management behaviour strategies do NOT include:
a. rehearsing and self-punishing b. self-setting goals and self-observing c. managing cues and self-rewarding d. establishing constructive thought patterns and |
establishing constructive thought patterns and rehearsing
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The “Law of effect” is most commonly associated with:
a. B. F. Skinner b. Abraham Maslow c. E. L. Thorndike d. Victor Vroom |
E. L. Thorndike
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The use of operant conditioning to modify animal and human behaviour was popularised by:
a. B. F. Skinner b. Abraham Maslow c. E. L. Thorndike d. Victor Vroom |
B. F. Skinner
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In Alderfer’s theory:
a. only one need can be activated at one time b. more than one need can be activated at one time c. activated needs become rewards d. content and process theories are combined |
more than one need can be activated at one time
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The integrated motivational model:
a. combines content and context motivation theories b. combines content and process motivation theories c. shows how rewards can lead to individual and group performance d. shows how contingencies can lead to individual and group performance |
combines content and process motivation theories
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Both positive and negative reinforcement attempt to:
a. encourage a desirable behaviour b. reward excellent workers on a timely basis c. discourage an undesirable behaviour d. weaken a worker’s desire for monetary rewards |
encourage a desirable behaviour
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A theory of acquired needs was developed by:
a. Maslow b. Alderfer c. McClelland d. Vroom |
McClelland
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pproach avoidance conflict occurs when
a. a person tries to avoid a positive or negative consequence. b. a person must decide to do something that has both positive and negative consequences. c. a person must decide between two negative consequences. d. a person must decide between two positive consequences. |
a person must decide to do something that has both positive and negative consequences.
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Victor Vroom:
a. proposed a theory of hierarchy of needs b. developed a well-known version of expectancy theory c. refined Maslow’s theory d. refined equity theory |
developed a well-known version of expectancy theory
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The creation of new behaviour by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behaviour is known as:
a. extinction b. shaping c. operant conditioning d. classical conditioning |
shaping
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The probability assigned by an individual that work effort will be followed by a given level of achieved task performance is:
a. instrumentality b. expectancy c. deprivation d. valence |
expectancy
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The more immediate the delivery of a reward after the occurrence of a desirable behaviour, the:
a. greater the reinforcing effect on the behaviour b. less likely the reward will act as a positive reinforcer c. greater the need for extinction on the part of the organisation d. greater the capacity for negative reinforcement |
greater the reinforcing effect on the behaviour
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Which of the following provides necessary preconditions for organizational learning?
a. trust, commitment and organizational support b. trust, commitment and organizational change c. commitment, organizational change and individual learning d. trust, organizational support and individual learning |
trust, commitment and organizational support
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Which of the following relates to Alderfer’s existence needs?
a. material wellbeing b. continued personal development c. continued personal growth d. continued self-actualisation |
material wellbeing
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Positive reinforcement is a part of:
a. cognitive learning b. operant conditioning c. classical conditioning d. social learning |
operant conditioning
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