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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Perception
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Process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings
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Attention
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Process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone
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Sailent Stimuli
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When something stands out from context(a 250 lb person in a womens aerobics class)
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cognitive categories
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mental despositions for storing information, where percivers assign pieces of info
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schema
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mental picture of an event or object(picturing a sports car being a 2 door red car)
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stereotype
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individuals beliefs about the characteristics of a group. Not always negative
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Semantic memory
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general knowledge about the world
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Casual attributions
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Suspected or inferred causes of behavior.
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How do people formulate casual attributions?
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by considering the events preceding an observed behavior.
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Kelleys Model of attribution
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based on heider's attribution theory, proposed behavior can be either attributed to either: INTERNAL FACTORS or EXTERNAL FACTORS
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Kelley hypothesized that?
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people make casual attributions after gathering information about 3 dimensions of behavior, CONSENSUS, DISTINCTIVENESS, AND CONSISTENCY.
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Internal factors
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personal characteristics(such as ablilty) that cause behavior
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External factors
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Enviornmental characteristics(such as a difficult task) that cause behavior
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Consesus
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Comparison of an individuals behavior with that of his or her peers
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Distinctiveness
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determined by comparing a persons behavior on one task with his/ her other task
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Consistency
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determined by judging if the individuals performance on a given task is consistent over time.
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High consistency
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a person performs a task the same, time after time
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Low consistency
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unstable performance time after time
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Fundamental attribution bias
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ignoring envionmental factors that affect behavior. Tendency to attribute another persons behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors.
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Self serving bias
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taking more personal responsibility for success then failure. Suggests employees will attribute success to internal factors(hard work) and failures to uncontrollable external factors(tough job,bad luck)
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Attributional realignment
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goal is to shift failure attributions away from ability and towards attributions of low effort or some other external causes
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Diversity
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individual differences that make people different from and similar to each other
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Affirmative action
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voluntary and mandatory(involuntary) efforts undertaken by federal, state, local governments, etc to promote equal opportunity in education and employment for all
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Goal of affirmative action
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eliminate discrimination and create equal opportunity for everyone
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Managing Diversity
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creating organizational changes that enable all people to perform up to their maximum potential
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Glass Ceiling
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Invisible barrier blocking women and minorities from top management positions
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Underemployment
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Result of taking a job that requires less education, training, or skills than possessed by a worker.
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Accountable practices
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managers responsibility to treat diverse employees fairly
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Development practices
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Focus on preparing diverse employees for a greater responsibility and advancement
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Recruitment practices
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attempt to attract job applicants at all levels who are willing to accept challenging work assignments.
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