Organic Molecules & Nutrition

Front 1

main function of lipids

Back 1

major storehouse of energy- released when bonds broken, reformed

Front 2

features of lipids

Back 2

not water soluble
storehouse of energy
good insulator

Front 3

types of lipids (3)

Back 3

1. fats/triglycerides
2. phospholipids (membranes)
3. steroids

Front 4

saturated fat

Back 4

solid @ room temp (ex- animal fat)

single bonds in HC tail allow it to be densely packed

*harder for body to break down

Front 5

unsaturated fat

Back 5

liquid @ room temp (ex- vegetable oil)

kinks in tail due to double bonds, can't be packed together as tightly

*easier for body to break down

Front 6

"partially hydrogenated" vegetable oil

Back 6

adding H makes more saturated- harder/better texture

BUT...tougher for body to break down- sometimes H bonds @ places that doesn't happen in nature

Front 7

selection for fat preference

Back 7

-ancestral humans varied in food prefs
-fat loving ppl survived, reproduced more
-WE CARRY FATTY GENES

Front 8

calories per gram of fat

Back 8

9 (energetically rich)

Front 9

calories per gram of carb/protein

Back 9

4

Front 10

why the fatty genes we carry are now a problem

Back 10

MISMATCH- famine is no longer a threat in industrialized countries

Front 11

main function of carbs

Back 11

fuel- easily accessible energy

Front 12

monosaccharide

Back 12

simple sugar

*fast energy, readily available

Front 13

polysaccharide/starch

Back 13

many simple sugars linked together (in ring or linear form)

*slow, long release of energy

Front 14

cellulose

Back 14

polysaccharide surrounding every plant cell

*we can't digest b/c we don't have the right enzyme to break simple sugar chain

*teeth can only grind up to get some fat, protein, other carbs out

Front 15

how polysaccharides are processes by humans

Back 15

#1 sugars broken apart from chain

#2 individual glucose molecules broken down

Front 16

chemical structure affects...

Back 16

digestion, metabolism

Front 17

effects of caloric restriction (in rodents)

Back 17

-longer lifespan
-lower cancer rates
-slower onset of age-related decline in physical capacity
-REDUCED REPRO CAPACITY

Front 18

primary function of proteins

Back 18

construction of physical structures

Front 19

how to make proteins

Back 19

-join together amino acids

different aa's fold differently...function differently
*one messed up aa can cause protein to malfunction (improper folding)

Front 20

protein= only organic molecule with

Back 20

nitrogen

Front 21

How can straight/curly hair be semi-permanently altered?

Back 21

break disulfide bridges between molecules

add chemical that makes diff disulfide bridges form

**have to repeat this- new hair will follow the genes