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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Polar covalent bonds |
Chemical bond where pair of electrons unequally shared between two atoms |
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Nonpolar covalent bonds |
Both atoms pull equally of pair of electrons so no net charge,no poles, pure covalent bond |
Diatomic molecules |
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Molecular polarity depends on what |
Depends on bond polarity and molecular structure |
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Nonpolar molecule |
Hydrophobic (do not dissolve in watery but dissolve in other non polar molecule) Symmetrical molecular structure |
CCL4 |
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Polar molecules |
Asymmetrical Hydrophilic(since water is polar molecule) |
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Intermolecular forces |
Weaker than intramolecular forces(covalent and ionic bond) Determine physical properties(solubility, BP,MP) Strength depends on polarity ,size, shape |
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London dispersion forces |
Weakest bond Between noble gas and nonpolar molecules Temporary unequal distribution of electrons |
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Dipole dipole force |
Stronger than LDF Between 2 polar molecules Partially positive side attract partially negative side |
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Hydrogen bond |
Strongest force Partially positive H attract partially negative N,O,F Most significant for function of cell |
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Organic compound vs inorganic compound |
Organic contains combo of C and H atoms Inorganic does not |
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Hydrocarbon |
Contain only C,H Hydrophobic side CC and CH bonds are nonpolar |
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Chemical formulas |
Molecular formula gives #of atoms of each element in compound Empirical same as molecular but at smallest possible ratio Structural like a diagram and shows how various atoms are bonded Simplified does not showC, H, Hbonds |
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Polymer vs monomer |
Polymer/ macromolecules is large chemical compound composed of repetitive monomers Monomers subunit of polymers |
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Condensation reaction |
Take out water Connect micromolecules to form macromolecules Eg. |
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Hydrolysis reaction |
Add in water Macromolecules break down into micromolecules E.g. digestion |
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Neutralization reaction |
Acid+base= water + salt |
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Redox reaction |
Chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between atoms Oxidation is loss Reduction is gain |
OIL RIG |
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Important elements |
Nitrogen part of amino group of amino acids that makes up proteins and nitrogenous base of nucleic acids Calcium needed to make mineral CA3(PO4)2 which strengthens bones and teeth Iron NEEDED to make hemoglobin(carriers of O and CO2) and part of proteins that involve electron transport in plants, animals, prokaryotes Phosphate are in phosphate groups and nucleotides (DNA, RNA) Sodium used in neurons for transmission of nerve impulses |
N,Ca,Na,Pb,P |
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Falsification of theory |
Vitalism is philosophy that life not subject to laws of physics and chemistry Urea is nitrogen containing compound produced in liver when there is excess amino acids Transported by blood to kidney then filtered through urine 1828 Friedrich wohler artificially created urea with silver izocyanate and ammonium chloride Ammonium cyanate is unstable but particles rearrange to form urea Inorganic become organic |
Urea |
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Macromolecules major 4 |
Carbohydrates if CHO ratio 1:2:1 Micromolecule is monosaccharidses Lipids if less oxygen and many hydrocarbon Micromolecule is glycerol and fat acids Nucleic acid if repeating sugar and phosphate group Micromolecule is nucleotide Protein if contain N and repeating peptide link Micromolecule is amino acids |
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Isomers |
Same molecular formula but different structure so different properties
Structural had different covalent arrangement
Geometric has different spatial arrangement and at least one double bond Cis is natural and 2 groups on same side of double bond Trans is unnatural and 2 groups on different sides of double bond
Enantiomers is mirror images, usually one form is biologically active and other is not
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Functional group |
Functional group define characteristic group of compound and determine properties |
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Carbohydrate |
CHO ratio 121 Made of sugar and their polymers formed by condensation reaction Easily digested so energy released faster than lipids Soluble so easily transported Important for cell to cell communication and cell support Used as raw material to build amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids |
6 points |
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Monosaccaharidses |
Simple sugar 3 to 7 carbon Composed of hydroxyl and aldose or ketone group Major nutrient for cell Aldose Triose glyceraldehyde Pentose ribose Hexose glucose, galactose Ketose Triose dihydroxiacetone Pentose ribulose Hexose fructose Usually form rings on aqueous solution |
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Dissacharide |
Made of 2 monosaccharides
Gylcosidic linkage is covalent bond formers by condensation reaction between 2 sugar
Ether linkage is formed between 2 alcohols Maltose is 2 glucose Sucrose is glucose and fructose Lactose is glucose and galactose |
3 points |
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Starch vs celulose polysaccharide |
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