Organic Chemistry Test 3

Front 1

When assigning priority groups, double bonds count as

Back 1

two bonds to that atom

Front 2

When assigning priority groups, triple bonds count as

Back 2

three bonds to that atom

Front 3

counterclockwise twise/rotate of light waves

Back 3

levorotatory

-

Front 4

clockwise twise/rotate of light waves

Back 4

dextrorotatory

+

Front 5

Alkyl Halide

Back 5

Halogen is directly boded to sp3 carbon

Front 6

aryl halide

Back 6

halogen is bonded to sp2 carbon on benzene ring

Front 7

vinyl halide

Back 7

halogen is bonded to sp2 carbon of alkene

Front 8

Few common names for the simple one carbon halides

Back 8

Methylene halide

haloform

carbon tetrahalide

Front 9

IUPAC nonmenclature

Back 9

haloalkane

(halo-floro,chloro,bromo, iodo- group)

Front 10

Halogens are ____ electronegative than carbon

Back 10

more

Front 11

Carbon to halogen bond is

Back 11

Polar

carbon has partial positive charge

Front 12

Carbon can be attacked by a _____

Back 12

nuceleophile

Front 13

Halogen can _____ with the electron pair

Back 13

leave

Front 14

Use NBS as a source of ____

Back 14

bromine

Front 15

SN2

Back 15

Substitution-Nucelophilic- Second Order

Front 16

SN@2: Nucleophile must come in from the ____ side of the carbon and _____

Back 16

back; knock out the other atom

Front 17

SN2: the stronger the nucleophile

Back 17

the faster the reaction

Front 18

SN2: charged artoms are ___ than neutral of that same atom

Back 18

stronger

Front 19

SN2: nucleophilicity _____ as you go from left to right on the periodic table

Back 19

decreases

Front 20

SN2: nucelophilicity ____ as you go down the periodic table

Back 20

increases

less tightly held

Front 21

SN2: Polar-____ solvents slow down the nucelophile

Back 21

protic

Front 22

SN2: smaller nucleophile are affected _____ than larger nucleophiles

Back 22

more

Front 23

Polar-protic solvents

Back 23

hydrogen bonding

Front 24

SN2: bulky nucelophiles are ____ to react

Back 24

slower

Front 25

SN2: good leaving groups need to be stable as they are "kicked out"; in general, good leaving groups are also ___ bases and ___ molecules

Back 25

weak bases

neutral molecules

Front 26

SN2: ____ carbon is preferred

Back 26

primary

Front 27

SN1:____ carbon is preferred

Back 27

tertiary

Front 28

SN1

Back 28

substitution- nucleophile- first order

Front 29

SN1: slow step of teh reaction is the _____

Back 29

formation of the carbocation

Front 30

SN1: the speed of reaction is realted to the structure of the ____

Back 30

resulting carbocation

Front 31

SN1: need a very ____ solvent to solvate the ions

Back 31

polar

Front 32

SN1: in general polar-____ solvents have the highest ability to solvate (stabilize) ions

Back 32

protic

Front 33

SN1: order of the stability for carbocations

Back 33

tertiary > secondary > primary

Front 34

fastest reactions

Back 34

acid-base

internal

Front 35

E1

Back 35

Elimination- first order

Front 36

E1: as a general rule, the ___ substituted double bond, the more stable the double bond

Back 36

more

Front 37

E1: does not involve alkyl halides but does involve elimination

Back 37

dehydrateion of an alcohol with strong acid

Front 38

E2

Back 38

Elimination- Second order

Front 39

E2: ___ of molecule when it reacts is very important

Back 39

shape

Front 40

E2: the base comes in to the molecule, it hits a proton that is ______ to the bromine. as the proton is removed, electron density builds-up and starts to fill the antibonding orbital, which pushes out the bromine

Back 40

anti-coplanar

Front 41

Primary halides gives ___ major product

Back 41

SN2

Front 42

Tertiary halides gives ___ major product

Back 42

E2

Front 43

Secondary halides give a mixture of ____ and ____ with usually more ____

Back 43

SN2 and E2

E2

Front 44

another E2 reaction involves

Back 44

dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides with potassium iodide (anti-coplanar elimination)

Front 45

crown ethers

Back 45

much better nucleophile than a poor

Front 46

in general, increasing temperature ___ the amount of Elimination products formed

Back 46

increases

Front 47

geminal dihalide

Back 47

2 halogen atoms bonded to teh same carbon atom

Front 48

vicinal dihalide

Back 48

2 halogen atoms bonded to adjacent carbon atoms

Front 49

allylic position

Back 49

a carbon atom next to a carbon to carbon double bond

Front 50

nucleophile

Back 50

donor of an electron pair

Front 51

substrate

Back 51

compound that is attacked by the reagent

Front 52

protic solvent

Back 52

contians acidic protons

Front 53

aprotic solvents

Back 53

enchance the nucleophilicity of anions

no hydrogen bonds to be broken

Front 54

steric hindrance

Back 54

bulky groups interfere with a reaction by virtue of thier size

Front 55

zaitsec rule

Back 55

the most highly substituted product

Front 56

need to use a ___ base to eliminate to the least substitudted alkene

Back 56

bulky

Front 57

___ base will wliminate to the more substituted alkene

Back 57

small