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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
active site
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the region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and catalyzes the reacion.
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amino acid
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literally, any molecule containing both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).
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biomimetic synthesis
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a laboratory synthesis that is pattern after biological synthesis
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complete proteins
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proteins that provide all the essential amino acids in about the right proportions for human nutrition.
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conjugated protein
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a protein that contains a nonprotein prosthetic group such as sugar, nucleic acid, lipid, or metal ion.
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C terminus
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the end of the peptide chain with a free or derivatized carboxyl group.
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denaturation
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an unnatural alteration of the conformation of the ionic state of a protein.
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zwitterion
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a structure with an overall charge of zero but having two substituents, one positive, and one negative in charge.
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disulfide linkage
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a bond between two cysteine residues formed by mild oxidation of their thiol groups to a disulfide.
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Edman degradation
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a method for removing and identifying the N-terminal amino acid from a peptide without destroying the rest of the peptide chain.
The peptide is treated with phenlisothiocyanate, formed by a mild acid hydrolysis to convert the N-terminal amino acid to its phenylthiohydanatoin derivative. |
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electrophorensis
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a proceure for eparating charged molecules by their migration in a strong electric field. The direction and rate of migration are governed largely by the average charges on the molecules.
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enzyme
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a protein-containing biological catalist
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essential amino acids
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amino acids that are not naturally biosynthesized byhumans and must be provided in the diet
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fibrous proteins
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a class of proteins that are stringy, tough, threadlike, and usually insoluble in water.
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globular proteins
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class of proteins that are relatively spherical in shape and generally have lower molecular weights and are more soluble in water than fibrous proteins.
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