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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
isomers
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different compounds with same molecular formula
(constitutional and stereoisomers) |
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constitutional isomers (3)
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-different IUPAC names
-same or different F.G.'s -different chemical and physical properites |
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Stereoisomers
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-differ only in the way the atoms are oriented in space (configuration)
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Configuration
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a particular 3-D arrangement
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Chiral Molecules
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a molecule that is non superimposable on its mirror image
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Achiral molecule
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a molecule that IS superimposable on its mirror image
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Enantiomers
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mirror images that are not superimposable (chiral molecules)
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stereogenic center
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a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups attached to it.
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R isomer
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used to name enantiomers that have priorities arranged in a clockwise manner
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S isomer
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used to name enantiomers that have priorities arranged in a counterclockwise manner
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diasteromers
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stereoisomers that are NOT mirror images of each other
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Meso Compounds
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an achiral compound that contains tetrahedral centers
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observed rotation
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the angle that chiral compounds rotate light
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optically active
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a compound that rotates plane polarized light (chiral)
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dextrorotarary (+)
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a compound that rotates plane polarized light clockwise
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levorotatary (-)
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a compound that rotates plane polarized light anticlockwise
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racemic mixture
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equal amounts of 2 enantiomers
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specific rotation
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standardized physical constant for the amount that a chiral compound rotates plane polarized light
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concerted reaction
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starting material converted directly to product in one step
A - B |
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stepwise reaction
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A - reactive intermediate - B
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homolysis
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breaking a bond by equally dividing the electrons between the 2 atoms in the bond
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heterolysis
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breaking a bond by unequally dividing the electrons in a bond between the two atoms
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bond dissociation energy
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The energy needed to homolytically cleave a covalent bond
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What 2 halides are sp2 hyrbridized?
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vinyl halides
aryl halides |
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What 2 halides are sp3 hybridized?
(thus reactive) |
allylic halide
benzylic halide |