Organic Chemistry - Carbonyl Compounds (A Preview)

Front 1

All carbonyl compounds contain an ___ group (R-C=O) bonded to another substituent

Back 1

acyl

Front 2

The acyl group in an aldehyde or ketone is bonded to an atom (H or C) that ___ ______ a negative charge and therefore _____ act as a _____ group in a _____ ________ reaction

Back 2

can't stabilize
can't
leaving
nucleophilic substitution

Front 3

The acyl group in a carboxylic acid or its derivative is bonded to an atom (O, S, N, halogen, etc.) that ____ ______ a negative charge and ___ act as a leaving group in a ______ ______ reaction

Back 3

can stabilize
can
nucleophilic substitution

Front 4

Family A carbonyl compounds

Back 4

aldehydes, ketones

Front 5

Family B carbonyl compounds

Back 5

carboxylic acids, acid halides, anhydrides, esters, amides, etc.

Front 6

The reactions of carbonyl compounds can take place by four mechanisms:

Back 6

nucleophilic addition, nucleophilic acyl substitution, alpha substitution, and carbonyl condensation

Front 7

The most common reaction of aldehydes and ketones is the:

Back 7

nucleophilic addition reaction (Nucleophile adds to electrophilic carbon of carbonyl group)

Front 8

During reduction of family A carbonyl compounds, the nucleophile that adds to the carbonyl group is a _____ ion, while during a grignard reaction, the nucleophile is a ______.

Back 8

hydride (H-), carbanion (R3C-)

Front 9

Aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines (RNH2) to form _____.

Back 9

imines (R2C=NR')

Front 10

Nucleophilic acyl substitution occurs only with ________ ____ derivatives rather than with aldehydes and ketones.

Back 10

carboxylic acids

Front 11

Alpha substitution results in the substitution of an alpha hydrogen by an electrophile through the formation of an intermediate called an _____ ___.

Back 11

enolate ion

Front 12

Carbonyl compounds react with ____ ____ to form enolate ions.

Back 12

strong base

Front 13

The fourth reaction of carbonyl groups, ________ ________, takes place when two carbonyl compounds react with each other.

Back 13

carbonyl condensation