Organic Chemistry Aldehydes And Ketones - Relative Reactivity

Front 1

Aldehydes are generally ______ reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition rxns for both steric and electronic reasons

Back 1

more

Front 2

Sterically, the presence of only one large substituent bonded to the C=O carbon in an aldehyde versus two large substituents in a ketone means that ....

- Thus, the transition state leading to the tetrahedral intermediate .....

Back 2

- a nucleophile is able to approach an aldehyde more readily

- is less crowded and lower in energyfor an aldehyde than for a ketone

Front 3

Elecronically, aldehydes are more reactive than ketones because ?

Back 3

of the greater polarization of aldehyde carbonyl groups

Front 4

A primary carbocation is higher in energy and thus more reactive than the a secondary carbocation because ?

Back 4

it has only one alkyl group inductively stabilizing the positive charge rather than two

Front 5

An aldehyde is ________ electrophilic and _____ reactive than a ketone

Back 5

- a bit more

- more

Front 6

Aromatic aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, are _______ _________ in nucleophilic addition reactions than aliphatic aldehydes.

Back 6

are less reactive

Front 7

The electron-donating resonance effect of the aromatic ring in a Aromatic aldehydes makes the carbonyl group less ......

Back 7

less electrophilic than the carbonyl group of an aliphatic aldehyde

Front 8

primary aldehyde (CC) is ..... than a secondary aldehyde (CC)

Back 8

Less stable but more reactive

Front 9

a secondary aldehyde (CC) is ......... a primary aldehyde (CC)

Back 9

More stable but less reactive

Front 10

Aromatic aldehydes, such as benaldehyde, are less reactive in ________________ than _____________.

Back 10

- nucleophilic addition rxns

- aliphatic aldehydes

Front 11

The electron donating resonance effect of the aromatic ring makes the carbonyl group less ...

Back 11

electrophilic than the carbonyl group of an aliphatic aldehyde