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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the Fischer Esterification reaction.
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Acid catalyzed condensation of an alcohol and carboxylic acid to form an ester.
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In Fischer Esterification, why was excess acetic acid used?
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to shift equilibrium to the products
because it's easier to remove than the alcohol |
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Why are refractive indexes used to characterize liquids?
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they can be determined to four decimal places, making them unique
they measure unique properties |
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In Fischer Esterification, why couldn't HCl be used as a catalyst?
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it would need water to dissolve and we don't want water
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What does sodium borohydride reduce?
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Only Aldehydes, Ketones, and acid chlorides.
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Why is sodium borohydride an economical reducer when it is expensive?
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because one mole of sodium borohydride reduces four moles of s.m.
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How is extraction amount related to # of extractions?
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It increases exponentially
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What can you do to improve poor GC resolution?
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decrease injection volume
decrease column temperature |
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Which are more downfield: axial or equatorial protons?
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equatorial
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What happens in a Beckmann rearrangement if the ketone is not symmetrical?
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two products are formed
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What's special about KBr pellets for IR?
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they don't absorb mid-region.
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What is the downside to Grignard reactions?
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The reagents react with water and air.
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What's special about hydroboration oxidation?
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anti-markovnikov pdct is formed
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What is the trick to steam distillation?
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Mix oils with water and it will boil below 100 degrees. Then you just extract the oils from the water.
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What will increased heat do to an RI reading?
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Decrease the reading
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Consider the resonance forms for cinnamaldehyde, how many of the carbon atoms have a partial positive charge?
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5
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What is the solvent in a solution labeled 11 N KOH?
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Water
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what does blue stand for in the fire diamond?
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health
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what does red stand for in the fire diamond?
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flammability
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what does yellow stand for in the fire diamond?
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reactivity
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what does white stand for in the fire diamond?
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special
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IR 3200-3600
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phenols
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IR 3300-3000
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aromatic and alkene C-H
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IR 2960-2850
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sp3 carbons in all spectra
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IR 1685-1785
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carbonyl
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IR 1645-1675
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alkene C=C
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NMR .9-1.9
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alkanes
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NMR .6-3
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Amines
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NMR .5-5
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Alcohols
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NMR 1.6-2.5
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Allylic
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NMR 1.7-3.1
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alkynes
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NMR 1.9-3.3
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carbonyl
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NMR 2.1-4.5
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halides
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NMR 2.2-3
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benzylic
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NMR 9.7-12.5
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carboxylic
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NMR 9.5-10.5
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aldehydes
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NMR 6.5-8.5
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aromatic
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NMR 4.5-8.1
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alkenes
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NMR 5.5-8
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amides O=C-N-h
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NMR 4-8
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Phenols Ar-O-H
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NMR 7.24
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CHCL3
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NMR 1.5
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H2O in CDCL3
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NMR 2.5
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DMSO
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NMR 3.35
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H2O in DMSO
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NMR 77
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CDCL3
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NMR 39
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DMSO-d6
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In a chair conformation, which protons are more deshielded?
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equitorial protons are more deshielded
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