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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LiALH4
aldehyde to |
primary alcohol
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LiALH4
ketone to |
2 alcohol
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LiALH4
ester to |
primary alcohol
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LiALH4 carboxylic acid to
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primary alchol
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IR for nitrile
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2200
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IR for alkene
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1650
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IR for ether
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1200
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IR for anhydride
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2 peaks at 1200
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tests for carbonyl and alpha hydroxy ketone
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TOLLENS
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tests for carbonyl group
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2,4 DNP
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when acid catalyzed reaction with NaOH
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OCH attaches to most substituted C
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how does the OH add? BH3, THF/ H2O2, OH
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ANTI addition of OH
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which halogen's reaction very exothermic
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F2
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which halogen's reaction endothermic
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I2
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what affect does conjucation have on frequency
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conjugation decreases frequency. triple bond higher frequency
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what increases the UV wavelength absorption
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conjucation ANTHRACENE most conjugated
NApthalene |
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what type of addition at -40
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1,2 kinetic control
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what type of addition at 50degrees
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1,4 thermodynamic
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what happens wit HgSO4/H2SO4 H2O
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keto enol tauterism with major form keto
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what does LiAlH4/ EtO doe to a nitrile
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convert to primary amine
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NaBH4 reduces what?
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aldehydes, ketones,
NOT esters, nitriles or acids |
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OH points down
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Alpha
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OH points up
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BETA
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CH2OH present on a 6 carbon ring means
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D sugar
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what does a hemicacetal indicate in a 6 carbon rign
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tollens, benedicts, mutarotate, reducing sugar
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Sucrose: reducing or non reducing
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NON reducing because acetal, cannot mutarotate; no tollens or benedicts
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PCC oxidizes:
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1 alcohol to aldehydes
2 alcohol to ketone no carboxylic acid made |
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what does diazomethane form
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3 membered ring
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smallest heat of hydrogenation
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MOST stable alkene,
--more substituted, more stable lower heat of hydrogentation |
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how does boiling point affect vapor pressure
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HIGH BP
LOW vapor pressure |
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instrument used for titrations using NaOH; accurate exact precise measurement
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BURET
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instrument used to transfer and deliver liquide
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pipet
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OsO4/ NaHSO3 adds OH in what symmetry
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SYN addition of 2 OH
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order of reactivity:
ether thioester amide anhydride acylhalide |
acyl halide (most reactive)
anhydride ester amide ether (least reactive |
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to extract carboxylic acid use:
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KOH or NaHCO3
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to extract AMINE use
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HCl or HBr
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to extract phenol
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use NaOH/ KOH only
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to separate 2 compounds that boil few degrees apart
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fractional distillation
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amide + Br2
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hoffman rearrangement where the c=o of amide is lost
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