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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alkane
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Single C-C or C-H bonds
Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon -ane suffix non-polar/lipid soluble i.e. methane |
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Structural isomers
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chemical equation is the same, but the structure is different
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Alkyl group
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functional group or side chain that consists of singly bonded carbon & hydrogen atoms
Aliphatic i.e. 2,3 dimethylbutane |
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Cycloalkanes
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cyclic alkane structure
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Alkene
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C-C double bonds
Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon -ene suffic i.e. ethene non-polar/lipid soluble |
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Cis isomerism
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same side
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Trans
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opposite side
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Alkynes
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C-C triple bond
Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon -yne suffix i.e. ethyne non-polar/lipid soluble |
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Aromatics
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6-carbon cyclic structure w/ 2 double bonds alternating with single bonds w/i ring
i.e. benzene ring unsaturated hydrocarbon non-polar/lipid soluble |
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Alcohols
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-OH functional group
Saturated No double or triple bonds -ol suffix i.e. ethanol Polar @ -OH end/not polar @ hydrocarbon end **length of the aliphatic chain determins solubility -- - small and polar = soluble in H2O - large and nonpolar = soluble in lipids |
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Cyclic alcohols
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cyclic alkane w/ an -OH functional group attached to one of the carbons
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Phenol
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- an -OH functional group on a benzene ring
- an acid |
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Ethers
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R-O-R1
-R & R1 can be same or different alkyl groups -can be aliphatic or aromatic -Oxygen has to be bonded to the Carbons in both R & R1 groups - i.e. diethyl ether |
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Thioalcohols
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R-SH
- Undergo oxidation to form disulfides |
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Aldehydes
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- contain a carbonyl group (C=O) w/ one or two hydrogens attached to the carbon of the carbonyl group
-al suffix - polar/soluble in H2O i.e. formaldehyde |
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Ketones
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- carbonyl group (C=O) w/ carbons attached to the carbons of carbonyl group
- can be reduced to alcohols with addition of [H]+ ions - polar/soluble in H2O - simplest ketone is acetone - (-one) suffix i.e. acetone |
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Carboxylic acid
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- carboxyl group attached to H or aromatic carbon
- acid - (-oic acid suffix) - participate in neutralization reactions - (+) @ hydrocarbon end; (-) @ O end - Polar/soluble in H2O |
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Ester
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Carbonyl group (-OR attached)
- is a condensation product bewn acids & alchols - least polar, may or may not be soluble in H2O |
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Amine
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R3N
- product of neutralization btwn organic acid & ammonia or amine - R = alkyl or hydrogen group - polar/H2O soluble |
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Amide
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- Condensation prod btwn carboxylic acid & amines
- Nitrogen bonded to one or more carbons - R=alkyl group or hydrogen |
