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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 3 major lobes of the cerebellum anterior to posterior?
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anterior lobe
posterior lobe flocculonodular lobe |
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what are the three layers of the cerebellum and corresponding cells?
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afferents stimulate granule cells whose axons split and synapse onto dendrites of purkinje cells
purkinje cells send information to deep nuclei in cerebellar white matter interneurons (basket & golgi cells) generate programs to transform sensory patterns into motor coordinate systems |
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where do purkinje cells receive tactile and proprioreceptive input from?
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spinocerebellar tracts & inferior olive
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where to purkinje cells project to?
where do those project to? |
deep cerebellar nuclei
thalamus-cortex (fastigial, interposed, dentate) |
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what are 3 cerebellar funcitons?
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motor
executive cognitive somato-visceral |
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how are motor functions of the cerebellum determined?
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by the different medial to lateral longitudeinal cortical regions
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where does each longitudinal zone of the cerebellum project to?
vestibulocerebellum? spinocerebellum? cerebrocerebellum? |
vestinular nuclei
fastigial & interposed nuclei dentate nuclei |
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where does the vestibulocerebellum interconnect with?
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vestibular and oculomotor nuclei to regulate head movement and eye-head coordination
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what is vestibulo-ocular reflex enhanced by?
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vestibulo-cerebellum
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where does the spinocerebellum receive input from?
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spinal cord and cerebral cortex (via pontine nuclei)
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what does spinocerebellum do?
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provides feedback control of ongoing movements. compares inputs from spinal cord and motor cortex to detect disparities between internal and external representations of world.
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what does the cerebellar cortex base its predictions on?
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comparison of motor cortex programs with sensory input
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how does the cerebellar adapt motor programs to changes in the environmental conditions?
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produces predictive patterns of sensory states
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where are corrected motor programs that predict the future body state sent?
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to motor cortex
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where do cerebella hemisphere project to? which projects to?
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dentate nuclei to thalamus-cortex
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how does the cerebro-cerebellum designed to initiate voluntary movement?
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by projecting anticipatory information to the motor cortex (feed forward control)
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what does the cerebro-cerebellum plan and program?
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voluntary, learned and skillful movements
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what does continued communication between the cerebellum and motor cortex enable?
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movements to become more rapid, precise, and automatic with practice
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what do learned motor patterns of the lateral cerebrocerebellum hemispheres enable?
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predict speed, force, and direction of a limb prior to movement execution
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what is dysmetria?
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inability to control range of movement. placement falls short of or extends beyond the initial goal, as in the use of finger to nose test
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what is decomposition of movement?
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inability to correctly sequence fine, coordinated acts
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what is ataxia?
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lack of smoothly coordinated movements. it is the combined result of dysmetria and decomposition of movements. movements are imprecise, halting, awkward, and clumsy.
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what is dysarthria?
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inability to articulate words correctly, with slurring and inappropriate phrasing
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what is dysdiadochokinesia?
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inability to perform rapid alternating movements
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what is hypotonia?
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decreased muscle tone
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what is nystagmus?
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involuntary, rapid oscillation of the eyeballs in a horizontal, vertical, or rotary direction
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what is scanning (measured) speech?
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slow enunciation with a tendency to hesitate at the beginning of a word or syllable. it is ataxia of speech. articulation is uneven, words are slurred, and variations in pitch and loudness occur. rhythm changes are prominent.
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what is a tremor?
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rhythmic, alternating, oscillatory movement of a limb as it approaches a target (intention tremor) or of proximal musculature when fixed posture or weight bearing is attempted (postural tremor)
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what does a DUI test?
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dysmetria and ataxia
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what does the posterior part of the cerebellum do?
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lateral hemisphere and vermis are involved in cognitive regulation
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what does the cerebellum subserve?
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timing processes and temporal regulation of cognitive processes, including dampening of oscillations and smoothing out performance
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what parts of the cerebellum does dyslexia affect?
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right cerebellar vermis, caudate, and putamin
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what are the 4 feature of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome? definitions?
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executive- disturbances lead to impaired strategy formation, working memory, deficient planning, set shifting, abstract reasoning, and decreased verbal fluency
spatial- impaired spatial cognition affective- personality change, flattening or blunting of affect, inappropriate behavior (pathological laughing or crying) linguistic difficulties- dysprosodia, agrammatism, anomia |
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what are the somato-visceral functions of the cerebellum?
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cerebellar cortex project to brain stem and hypothalamus to regulate various visceral systems
cerebellum coordinates motor, behavioral+visceral responses GI (gastric and intestinal motility, feeding regulation) cardiovascular (heart rate and BP, baroreflex) respiration micturition immune functions |
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what can vermis dysfunctions lead to?
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bradycardia, respiratory alkalosis, and hyperventilation associated with gait ataxia
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