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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which cranial nerve is the accessory nerve and how does one test for it?
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CN XI
Test: shrug shoulder, resist pressure on forehead and chin The accessory nerve travels from the medulla, exits the jugular foramen and descends into the neck. Its functional component is accessory nucleus (SVE)- motor to SCM and trap |
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CN XII from the medulla exits the ____ canal and enters the oral cavity. What is the nerve test?
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The Hypoglossal nerve test...nerve exits the hypoglossal canal to innervate the intrinsic muscles of the tongue- stick out tongue to test.
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Which of the six CN functional components migrated away from the 4th ventricle?
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GSA and SVE
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Which cranial nerve does NOT exit from the ventral side of the brain stem?
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Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
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In the embryo: after neurulation, neural tube differentiates into a ____ plate an a ____ plate. What separates the two? Which plate is sensory, motor?
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Dorsal alar plate - Sensory
Ventral basal plate - Motor Sulcus Limitans separates them. |
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In the embryo, where do the cranial nerves develop?
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Within the sensory and motor plates in the brain stem region.
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What differentiates GENERAL afferent/efferent from SPECIAL afferent/efferent components of the cranial nerves?
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General- refers to sensory & motor functions of the whole body
Special- refers to sensory & motor functions of the head |
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Cranial nerve components: Afferent
Which govern skin, muscle and CT? Which govern Organs & Blood vessels? Which govern Vision & Audition? Which govern Taste & Olfaction? |
GSA (General Somatic Afferent)- Skin, Muscle, CT
GVA (General Visceral Afferent)- Organs, Blood vessels SSA (Special Somatic Afferent)- Vision, Audition SVA (Special Visceral Afferent)- Taste, Olfaction |
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Cranial nerve components: Efferent
Which govern Skeletal muscle? Which govern Smooth & Cardiac muscle? Which govern muscles of the face, larynx, pharynx, mastication? |
GSE (General Somatic Efferent)- Skeletal muscle
GVE (General Visceral Efferent)- Smooth & Cardiac muscle SVE (Special Visceral Efferent)- Muscles of face, larynx, pharynx, mastication |
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T/F: Each column of cranial nerve nuclei is a single functional component (eg, GSA, SVA, SVE, etc.)
T/F: Each column is devoted to a single cranial nerve. |
True
False. Columns can be shared among 2-3 different cranial nerves. |
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Columns of cranial nerve nuclei align along the floor of the _____, except ____ & _____ which have migrated ventrally.
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4th Ventricle
SVE & GSA |
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What cranial nerve functional component is associated with pharyngeal arches and develops from neural crest cells?
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SVE (Special Visceral Efferent)
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Name the functional component of the Olfactory nerve. What number cranial nerve is it?
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Olfactory bulb for smell (SVA)
CN I |
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____ = Primary Olfactory Cortex
____ & ____ for conscious perception of smell ____ & ____ for for associations between smell and emotions. |
Medial temporal lobe
Thalamus & Cortex Amygdala & Entorhinal cortex |
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How is CN I tested?
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Non-irritating odor (eg. licorice)
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What is the functional component of the Optic nerve? What number cranial nerve is it?
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Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (SSA) in thalamus
CN II |
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The optic nerve/tract projects visual information from the ______ to the Lateral geniculate Nucleus in the _____. The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus projects to _____ & _____ cortices.
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Retina, Thalamus
Visual & Association |
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CN II Test = ?
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Visual acuity & fields, Ophthalmoscopy
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What is the course of CN III. What is the name of this nerve?
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Course: Midbrain---> Cavernous Sinus---> Superior Orbital Fissure
CN III = Oculomotor Nerve |
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Name the functional components of the Oculomotor nerve and their specific functions.
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Oculomotor Nucleus (GSE)- Motor to move eyeball and raise upper eyelid
Edinger Westphal Nucleus (GVE)- Parasympathetic to increase lens convexity & constrict pupil via ciliary ganglion |
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CN IV = ?
What is the course of this cranial nerve? |
Trochlear Nerve CN IV
Course: Posterior midbrain---> Cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure |
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What is the functional component of the Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)?
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Trochlear Nucleus (GSE): motor to superior oblique
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Abducens Nerve = CN ?
What is the course of this cranial nerve? |
CN VI Abducens Nerve
Course: Pons/Medulla---> Cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure |
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Name the functional component of the Abducens Nerve.
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Abducens Nucleus (GSE)- motor to lateral rectus
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What are 2 ways to test for CN III Palsy?
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EOM (Equal ocular motion while following finger): somatic, tests CN III, IV, VI
PERRLA (Pupils equal, round, reactive to light): parasympathetic, tests CN III |
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CN V = ?
What are the courses of each division of CN V? |
Trigeminal Nerve
V1- Pons---> cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure V2- Pons---> Cavernous sinus---> Foramen rotundum V3- Pons---> Foramen ovale |
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What are the Trigeminal Nerve target structures?
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V1- Sensory to orbital cavity, eye, upper face
V2- Sensory to nasal cavity, palate, middle face V3- Sensory to oral cavity; Motor to masticatory muscles |
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Sensory nuclei of the Trigeminal Nerve project to _____, which projects to ______.
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Thalamus (VPN)
Primary Somatosensory Cortex |
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Name the 2 functional components of the Trigeminal nerve and their associated nuclei.
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GSA:
-Principal (Main) Sensory Nucleus- discriminative touch from face -Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- Pain & temp from face -Mesencephalic Nucleus- Proprioception from masticators (muscle reflexes) SVE: -Motor Nucleus- motor to masticating muscles |
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Name 3 Trigeminal Nerve tests.
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-Somatosensory (sharp or dull)
-Motor (clench jaw) -Corneal blink (corneal pain/irritation elicits eye closure via V & VII reflex loop) |
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CN VII = ?
What is the course of this cranial nerve? |
Facial Nerve CN VII
Course: Pons---> Internal acoustic meatus---> Exits Stylomastoid foramen (motor component) |
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The ____ of the Facial Nerve passes along the interior of the tympanic membrane. This portion of the facial nerve innervates what glands?
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Chorda tympani
Submandibular & sublingual glands. |
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Name the 5 functional components of the Facial Nerve and their associated nuclei.
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SVE: Motor Nucleus- motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius
GVE: Salivatory nucleus- Parasympathetic to Nasal, palatine & lacrimal glands via Pterygopalatine ganglion. Also Submandibular & sublingual glands via Submandibular ganglion (Chorda tympani) SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue GVA: Solitary nucleus- from nasal & pharyngeal mucosa GSA: Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- somatosensory input from ear |
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Delineate the taste pathway.
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Solitary nucleus (receives taste neurons from VII, IX, X)---> Thalamus (VPM)---> Insula (maps taste & integrates with other sensory info)
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How can you test the Facial Nerve?
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Facial muscles: smile, frown, wrinkle brow, wink
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve = CN ?
What is its course? |
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Course: Vestibular apparatus & cochlea---> Internal acoustic meatus---> Cochlear & vestibular nuclei in medulla |
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What are the functional components of CN VIII?
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SSA: Cochlear & Vestibular nuclei- hearing & balance
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What are the CNS connections of the auditory and vestibular functions of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
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Auditory- Cochlear nuclei, superior olive, inferior colliculus, med geniculate nucleus, primary auditory complex (superior temporal lobe), association area
Vestibular- Vestibular nuclei, cerebellum, III, IV & VI nuclei, spinal cord AND Temporal-parietal cortex- integrates somatosensory, visual & vestibular inputs |
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How do you test the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
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Conductive vs. sensorineural defects
Rubbing fingers; humming; tuning fork |
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CN IX = ?
What is the course of this cranial nerve? |
Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN IX
Medulla---> Exits jugular foramen---> descends neck |
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What are the functional components and associated nuclei of CN IX?
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SVE: Nucleus Ambiguus- motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
GVE: Inferior Salivatory Nucleus- Parasympathetic to parotid gland via otic ganglion SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue GVA: Solitary nucleus- carotid body & sinus; viscerosensory from mucosa of pharynx & auditory tube GSA: Spinal Trigeminal nucleus- somatosensory from ear |
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How do you test the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
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Gag reflex- sensory component of IX to X reflex connection
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Vagus Nerve = CN ?
What is its course? |
CN X Vagus Nerve
Medulla---> Exits jugular foramen---> pharynx, larynx, GI tract, Lungs, heart, etc. |
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Name the 5 functional components and associated nuclei of the Vagus Nerve.
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SVE: Nucleus Ambiguus- Motor to pharynx & larynx; Parasympathetic to heart
GVE: Dorsal Vagal (Motor) nucleus- Parasympathetics to lung, GI SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from epiglottis & palate GVA: From all viscera & blood vessels GSA: Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- sensory from ear |
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What 3 cranial nerves emerge from the medulla and exit the jugular foramen?
What column nuclei do they share? |
IX, X, XI
Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus Inferior Salivatory nucleus Nucleus Ambiguus Solitary nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus |
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From the Solitary Nucleus, GVA input is relayed to _____, reticular formation & ______ for homeostatic regulation of organ function, _____ & emotion.
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Hypothalamus
Limbic system Memory |
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From the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus, GSA comes from the ____ to the thalamus & ________.
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Ear
Somatosensory cortex |
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What are 3 ways to test the vagus nerve?
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-Gag reflex: motor component of IX to X reflex connection
-Raise tongue to roof of mouth (palatoglossus) -Deviated soft palate (palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus) |