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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define MACULE:
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A macule is a change in surface color, without elevation or depression and, therefore, nonpalpable, well or ill-defined, variously sized, but generally considered less than either 5or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
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Define PATCH:
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A patch is a large macule equal to or greater than either 5 or 10 mm, across depending on one's definition of a macule.Patches may have some subtle surface change, such as a fine scale or wrinkling, but although the consistency of the surface is changed, the lesion itself is not palpable
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Define PLAQUE
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A plaque has been described as a broad papule, or confluence of papules equal to or greater than 1 cm.
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Define PAPULE
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A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
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Define NODULE
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A nodule is morphologically similar to a papule, but is greater than either 5 or 10 mm in both width and depth, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat
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Define SESSILE
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Describing a tumor or growth whose base is the widest part of the lesion
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Define PEDUNCULATED
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Describing a tumor or growth whose base is narrower than the widest part of the lesion
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Define PAPILLARY
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Describing a tumor or growth exhibiting numerous surface projections
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Define VERRUCOUS
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Describing a tumor or growth exhibiting a rough warty surface
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Define VESICLE
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A vesicle is a circumscribed, fluid-containing, epidermal elevation generally considered less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point
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Define VESICLE
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A superficial blister, 0.5 cm or less in diameter usually filled with clear fluid
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Define BULLA
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A bulla is a large vesicle described as a rounded or irregularly shaped blister containing serous or seropurulent fluid, equal to or greater than either 5 or 10 mm
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Define PUSTULE
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A pustule is a small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells. These can be either white or red.
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Define CRUST
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dried serum, pus, or blood usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris.
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Define INDURATION
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dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer
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Define ULCER
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An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat.
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Define ULCER
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A lesion characterized by loss of the surface epithelium and frequently some of the underlying connective tissue
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Define FISSURE
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A fissure is a crack in the skin that is usually narrow but deep.
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Define EROSION
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An erosion is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis
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Define PETECHIA
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A round pinpoint area of hemorrhage
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Define ECCHYMOSIS
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A non-elevated area of hemorrhage, larger than a petechia
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Define HEMATOMA
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A larger ecchymosis or bruise caused by escape of blood into the tissues
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Define TELANGIECTASIA
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A telangiectasia represents an enlargement of superficial blood vessels to the point of being visible
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Define CYST
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A cyst is an epithelial-lined cavity containing liquid, semi-solid, or solid material
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What does PATHOGNOMIC mean?
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Clinical findings are specific for certain conditions or at least highly suggestive of a small number of similar conditions.
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What are FORDYCE GRANULES?
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Ectopic sebaceous glands in the oral mucosa
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What are the most common locations of FORDYCE GRANULES?
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- buccal mucosa
- lateral portions of vermillion border of upper lip |
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What are the clinical features of FORDYCE GRANULES?
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asymptomatic multiple white-yellow papular lesions
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What are some potential complications that may arise from FORDYCE GRANULES?
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- Sebaceous gland may undergo adenomatous hyperplasia
- keratin filled pseudocyst - tumours |
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What is LEUKOEDEMA?
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Common alteration of oral epithelium characterized by edema in spinous layer.
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What are the clinical features of LEUKOEDEMA?
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- asymptomatic
- diffuse gray-white, milky opalescent appearance of mucosa |
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What is the demographic of this condition?
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70-90% black adults
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How is LEUKOEDEMA diagnosed?
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Affected mucosa should be stretched during clinical examination. White/milky appearance should disappear during this.
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What are some DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES to think about with LEUKOEDEMA?
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- leukoplakia
- oral candidiasis - oral lichen planus - white sponge nevus - morsicatio buccarum - smokeless tobacco keratosis |
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What is the clinical presentation of FISSURED TONGUE?
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Multiple grooves / fissures on dorsal surface of the tongue
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FISSURED TONGUE may be associated with what other conditions?
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- Geographic tongue
- Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome |
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What is the treatment of FISSURED TONGUE?
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- no treatment
- patient should be encouraged to brush their tongue so that food and debris doesn't accumulate |
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What is a VARIX?
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- type of acquired vascular malformation that represents a focal dilation of a single vein
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What are the most common oral varicosities?
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- sublingual varicosities
- multiple bluish-purple elevated or papular blebs |
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What are some possible complications of VARICES?
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Thrombosis occasionally occurs (They become firm)
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What is the treatment for SOLITARY VARICES of the lips and buccal mucosa?
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May need surgical removal to:
- confirm the diagnosis - phlebolith? thrombus? - or esthetic purposes |
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What are EXOSTOSES?
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Localized bony protruberances arising from the cortical plate
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WHat are the most common EXOSTOSES?
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Max and Mand Tori
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Define "REACTIVE SUBPONTIC EXOSTOSIS"
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Exostoses that occur under skin grafts to gingiva and subsequent to pontics of fixed bridges
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What is a STAFNE BONE DEFECT?
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- focal concavity of the cortical bone on the lingual surface of the mandible
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What are the clinical features of STAFNE DEFECT?
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- unilateral mainly
- well-circumscribed radiolucency with sclerotic border - BELOW THE MAND CANAL - between molar and angle of mandible |
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What is the MOST COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL NON-ODONTOGENIC CYST OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
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Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
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What are the most common presenting signs of NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST?
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- swelling of anterior palate
- pain - drainage |
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What is the CYST OF INCISIVE PAPILLA?
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Nasopalatine duct cyst that develops entirely in soft tissue without bone involvement
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What is the treatment of NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST?
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Surgical ENUCLEATION
Recurrence is rare |
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List all possible WHITE LESIONS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA:
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- leukoplakia
- hairy leukoplakia - lichen planus - lichenoid reactions - linea alba - nicotinic stomatitis - uremic stomatitis - cinnamon contact stomatitis - chemical burn - candidiasis - chronic biting - geographic tongue - hairy tongue - fissured tongue - fordyce granules - leukoedema - white sponge nevus - papilloma -squamous cell carcinoma - frictional hyperkeratosis |
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What are some differentials for LEUKOPLAKIA?
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- lichen planus
- contact stomatitis - candidiasis - hairy leukoplakia - lichenoid reactions - chronic biting - tobacco pouch keratosis - leukoedema - chemical burn |
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Identify the oral lesion:
Provide a differential diagnosis: |
FOLIATE PAPILLAE
DD: hyperplastic lingual tonsils - squamous cell carcinoma - soft tissue tumour |
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Describe this lesion:
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FOLIATE PAPILLAE
- vertical folds and grooves - extreme posterior-lateral surface of the tongue - occasionally mistaken for tumours or inflammatory disease - bilateral symmetrical - hyperplastic lingual tonsils (found underneath papillae) cause prominence of the papillae |
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What do you tell a patient that presents with this lesion? What is the management?
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FOLIATE PAPILLAE
ETIOLOGY: Normal anatomical structures TREATMENT: None required |
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Identify the lesion, provide a DD:
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FOLIATE PAPILLAE
DD: squamous cell carcinoma, soft tissue tumours |
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What do you tell a patient that presents with this lesion? What is the management?
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FOLIATE PAPILLAE
ETIOLOGY: Normal anatomical variant TREATMENT: None required |
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Describe this lesion:
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FOLIATE PAPILLAE
- vertical folds and grooves - extreme posterior-lateral surface of the tongue - occasionally mistaken for tumours or inflammatory disease - bilateral symmetrical - hyperplastic lingual tonsils (found underneath papillae) cause prominence of the papillae |
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Describe the lesion:
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- blue / deep purple broad-based elevation oral mucosa
- ventral surface of hte tongue - bilateral |
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Identify the lesion:
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VARICES
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What is the etiology of this lesion?
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LINGUAL VARICES
- distended vein that elevates the overlying mucosa - related with aging (weakening of vessel wall) |
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What is the treatment of this lesion?
What is a differential for it? |
LINGUAL VARICES
- no treatment required DD: mucocele, hemangioma |
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Describe this lesion:
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LINGUAL VARICES
- distended vein that elevates the overlying mucosa - related with aging (weakening of vessel wall) |
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What is the treatment of this lesion?
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LINGUAL VARICES
No treatment required. Varix |
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Identify the lesion:
What is the treatment? |
SOLITARY VARIX
TX: surgical excision if aesthetic concern |
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
Describe the lesion: |
TORUS MANDIBULARIS
- Bony exostoses - Bilateral on lingual part of the mandible - Extending from canines to first molars - Lobular |
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Describe the lesion:
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TORUS PALATINUS
- bony exostosis - arising from midline of palate |
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Identify the lesion:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the lesion:
What is a DIFFERENTIAL for it? |
OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
DD: condensing osteitis, cementoblastoma, |
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Identify the lesion:
What is the treatment? |
OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
No treatment required |
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Identify the lesion:
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OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
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Identify the lesion:
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OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
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Identify the lesion:
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OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
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Identify the lesion:
What is the etiology? |
FORDYCE GRANULES
Ectopic sebaceous glands. |
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Identify the lesion:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the lesion:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Describe this lesion
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FORDYCE GRANULES
- multiple, well defined, asymptomatic - yellowish/white papules - buccal mucosa |
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Identify the lesion:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Describe this lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
- diffuse, milky white - gray appearance of buccal mucosa |
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Identify the lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Describe this lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
- pyogenic membrane (yellow-white center) with surrounding erythematous flare - round / oval shape - occurs on freely moveable mucosa |
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Identify the lesion:
How would you treat it? |
RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
- pain reduction primary treatment - use topical medications with benzocaine - anti-inflammatory agents such as topical steroids - for SEVERE or WIDESPREAD can use systemic prednisone |
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
What is hte healing time for this lesioN? |
RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
- Can be 4 days and up to 1 month |
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
This lesion has been identified in patients with which other conditions/ syndromes? |
RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
- Behcet's - Reiter's syndrome - Crohn's disease - Celiac disease |
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (major, minor, herpetic?)
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (EPULIS FISSURATUM)
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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LEAF LIKE DENTURE FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
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Identify the lesion:
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OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
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Identify the lesion:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the lesion:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
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Identify the lesion:
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DENTURE SORE MOUTH
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Identify the lesion:
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INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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IRRITATION FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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MUCOCELE
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Identify the lesion:
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TRAUMATIC ULCER
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
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Identify the lesion:
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TRAUMATIC ULCER
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Identify the lesion:
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NICOTINIC STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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NICOTINIC STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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NICOTINIC STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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NICOTINIC STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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NICOTINIC STOMATITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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DILANTIN HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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DILANTIN HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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DILANTIN HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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DILANTIN HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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DILANTIN HYPERPLASIA
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Identify the lesion:
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GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE (ERYTHEMA MIGRANS)
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Identify the lesion:
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GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE (ERYTHEMA MIGRANS)
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Identify the lesion:
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GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE (ERYTHEMA MIGRANS)
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Identify the lesion:
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GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE (ERYTHEMA MIGRANS)
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Identify the lesion:
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LICHEN PLANUS
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Identify the lesion:
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LICHEN PLANUS
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Identify the lesion:
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LICHEN PLANUS
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Identify the lesion:
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LICHEN PLANUS
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Identify the lesion:
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ANGULAR CHEILITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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ANGULAR CHEILITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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ANGULAR CHEILITIS
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Identify the lesion:
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ANGULAR CHEILITIS
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WHITE SURFACE LESIONS
-------------------------------------- Epithelial thickening / white lesions ---------------------------------- Asymptomatic Rough to palpation Fixed (don't rub off) |
- LICHEN PLANUS (multiple areas, bilateral, striations, maybe ulcers present
- NICOTINIC STOMATITIS (hard palate. pipe and cigar smokers) - HAIRY TONGUE (dorsum tongue) - HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA (lateral surface of tongue, immunocompromised) - WHITE SPONGE NEVUS (multiple, present from early age, genetic) - LEUKOEDEMA (bilateral, diascopy test eliminates it) - EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA (asymptomatic) |
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SURFACE DEBRIS - WHITE LESIONS
------------------------------ Pain or burning Rubs off Submucosal erythema |
- CANDIDIASIS (history of Abx therapy, immunosuppresion, xerostomia, nail and or vaginal lesions present)
- BURN (history of trauma) |
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SUBEPITHELIAL WHITE LESIONS
-------------------------------- asymptomatic smooth surface translucent |
- CYSTS (can appear white)
- FORDYCE GRANULES (yellow, circumscribed, clusters, buccal mucosa and upper lip) |
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INTRAVASCULAR BLOOD LESIONS
-------------------------------- Blanch on pressure Compressible |
- VARIX (blue, thickened, sometimes doesn't blanch due to thrombosis)
- HEMANGIOMA (congenital, thickened, red, blue) |
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EXTRAVASCULAR BLOOD LESIONS
------------------------------ Do not blanch Present for less than 1 month History of injury or bleeding problem |
- HEMATOMA (thickened, firm to palpation)
- ECCHYMOSIS (not thickened) - PETECHIAE (focal, pinpoint size, red, multiple, not thickened) |
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MELANOCYTIC LESIONS
------------------------ Persistent Do not blanch |
- ORAL MELANOTIC MACULE (not thickened, located on mucosa not exposed to sun)
- NEVUS (thickened, may be flat early in development) - MELANOMA (thickened, may be flar |
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VESICULO-ULCERATED-ERYTHEMATOUS
------------------------------------ Autoimmune Slow onset Chronic lesions Exacerbations and partial remissions Lesions do not heal in a predictable period of time Lymphadenopathy rare |
- PEMPHIGOID (erythematous attached gingiva, vesicles sometimes observe, Nikolsky sign,
- BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID (skin vesicles, bullae, ulcers always present) - LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (white epithelial striae with submucosal stria, lichenoid lesion) |
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What is the difference between REACTIVE LESIONS and TUMOURS?
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REACTIVE
--------------- - regress, resolve - often symptomatic - growth rate: hours, days, weeks - fluctuate in size - sometimes associated with tender, soft lymph nodes - sometimes associated with systemic manifestations TUMOUR ----------------- - progressive - often asymptomatic - growth rate: weeks, months, year - persistent and progressive - lymph nodes not enlarged unless associated with metastatic carcinoma, firm and non tender - systemic manifestations occur late in the course of cancer |
