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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunity
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defends body particularly against which the immune system defend the body
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antigens
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foreign substances against which the immune system defends the body
ex: transformed human cells such as tumor cells infected by viruses. human tissue as in an organ transplant, graft or incompatible blood transfusion can also be and antigen |
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Cells involved in the immune response
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B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes NK cells Macrophages |
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Lymphocytes
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Primary WBC involved in immune response.
Derived from the stem cell antigen sensitive cells longed lived Mobile 3 types- B, T, and NK (natural killer cell) |
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B Lymphocytes
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Mature and live in lymphoid tissue
Lymph nodes an tonsillar tissues 2 types of B cells-plasma and B (brain) memory cells (duplicates itself) |
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Antibodies
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Proteins molecules
5 types: IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgD Specific antibodies are produced in response to specific antigens Antibodies combine with antigen, forming an immune, or antigen-antibody complex Level of specific antibody in blood is called the antibody titer. |
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T Lymphocytes
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Develop in bone marrow steam cells and travel to thymus
T-Helper-increases function of B lymphocytes Suppressor cells-turn off B cells T-cytotoxic cells-specifically look for and attack virally infected cells or tumor cells Activate macrophages and enhance the ability of to destroy antigens |
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Macrophages
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Invloved in immune response to antigens
Help both B cells and T cells Produce Cytokines called monokines Act as antigen-presenting cells Not able to remember ecountered antigen |
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Major Division of the Immune Response
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1.Humoral Response
2.Cell-mediated immune response |
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Humoral Response
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Primarily B lymphocytes and involves production of antibodies
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Cell-mediated immune response
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involves usually T lymphocytes or assisted by macrophages
The humoral and cell-mediated responses are interrelated. |
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Types of Immunity
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Passive Immunity: occurs naturally or is acquired
Active Immunity: occurs naturally or is acquired |
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Passive Immunity
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Uses antibodies produced by another person to protect and individual against infection
Antibodies from mother to fetus (naturally) Infection of antibodies against microorganisms to patient who has not developed antibodies (acquired) |
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Active Immunity
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Occurs naturally when a microorganism causes the disease
A person is injected with or ingests either a altered or products of microorganisms. This is called a vaccine and process called vaccination Immunization lowers the risk of an antigen causing disease; prepares you against future attacks. A booster is repeated exposure by vaccination |
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Hypersensitivity Reactions
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Allergic responses, and tissue destruction occurs as a result of the immune response.
Four main types of hypersensitivity reactions |
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Type I Hypersensitivity
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Occurs immediately after exposure to a previously encountered antigen such as pollen, latex, or penicillin
Associated IgE Examples: hay fever, asthma, anaphylaxis. |
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Type II Hypersensitivity
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Associated with IgG and IgM antibodies
Occurs in incompatible blood transfusions and in Rhesus (RH) incompatibility ( mother's antibodies cross placenta and destroy newborns red blood cells |
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Type III Hypersensitivity
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Immune complexes are formed between microorganisms and antibody in the blood
Complexes leave blood and deposited in body tissues or in localized area Neutrophils are attracted to the tissue and can cause tissue destruction examples: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. |
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Type IV Hypersensitivity
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Involves cell-mediated immune response rather then a humoral response
Put to use in the tuberculin test called purified protein derivative (PPD) This type of hypersensitivity is responsible for the rejection of tissue grafts and transplanted organs. |
