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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
(Traumatic or Irritation) Fibroma:
Clinical features? Cause? |
Firm, asymptomatic nodules covered by intact epithelium. Very common lesions.
Trauma or chronic irritation. |
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(Traumatic or Irritation) Fibroma:
Treatment? Significance? |
Surgical excision.
Reactive lesion with limited growth potential. No malignant transformation reported. |
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Giant Cell Fibroma:
Clinical features? Age? Gender? Maxilla vs. Mandible? |
Asymptomatic, sessile or pedunculated papules less than 1 cm in size. Usually a papillary surface.
1st 3 decades. Female. Mandible. |
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Giant Cell Fibroma:
Treatment? |
Conservative surgical excision...rarely recurs.
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Epulis Fissuratum:
3 other names? |
1. Denture injury tumor
2. Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia 3. Denture Epulis |
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Epulis Fissuratum:
Clinical Features? |
Tumor-like hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue associated with denture flange. Mostly in women. Caused by ill-fitting denture.
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Epulis Fissuratum:
Treatment? Significance? |
Surgical removal of excess tissue and denture should be relined or remade.
Lesion will recur if denture is not fixed. |
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Papillary Hyperplasia:
3 other names? |
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
Palatal Papillomatosis Denture Papillomatosis |
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Papillary Hyperplasia:
Clinical features? |
Reactive tissue growth that usually develops beneath a denture.
Cobblestone lesion of hard palate. Red and asymptomatic. |
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Papillary Hyperplasia:
Cause? |
Soft tissue reaction to ill-fitting denture and probable fungal overgrowth. 20% of denture wearers never take them out.
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Papillary Hyperplasia:
Treatment? |
Removal of denture
Anti-fungal Advanced cases: Excision of lesion |
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Papillary Hyperplasia:
Significance? |
Not pre-malignant.
Denture hygiene. |
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Fibrous Histiocytoma:
4 other names? |
1. Dermatofibroma
2. Sclerosing Hemangioma 3. Fibroxanthoma 4. Nodular Subepidermal Fibrosis |
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Fibrous Histiocytoma:
Ages? Clinical features? |
Middle age and older adults.
Painless nodular masses. |
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Fibromatosis & Myofibroma:
Define. |
Fibromatoses: Fibrous proliferations with biological behavior ranging from benign to malignant.
Myofibroma (myofibromatosis): Similar to above but less aggressive proliferation of myofibroblasts. |
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Fibromatosis & Myofibroma:
Clinical features? |
Fibromatosis: firm, painless mass, may grow quickly or slowly. Most common in children. Paramandibular soft tissues. Lesions can become large and destroy bone.
Myofibromatosis: Most common in neonates and infants. Firm mass in dermis or subcutaneous tissues of head and neck. |
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Fibromatosis & Myofibroma:
Treatment? |
Fibromatosis: Surgical excision. 23% recurrence rate.
Myofibromatosis: Local excision. |
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Oral Focal Mucinosis:
Ages? Gender? Clinical features? |
Young adults.
Females. Smooth, non-ulceraated nodular mass may be lobular. |
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Pyogenic Granuloma (Pregnancy Tumor):
Define. |
Not pyogenic or a granuloma. Often develop in gingiva of pregnant women.
Asymptomatic, red tumescence that becomes more pink as it ages. |
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Pyogenic Granuloma (Pregnancy Tumor):
Cause? |
Reactie to trauma or chronic irritation. Not a granuloma or a neoplasm. It's size may be modified by hormonal changes.
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Pyogenic Granuloma (Pregnancy Tumor):
Treatment? Significance? |
Excision.
Untreated lesion will remain indefinately. Recurrence likely if not completely removed. |
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Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis):
Clinical features? |
Asymptomatic red tumescence of gingiva composed of fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells.
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Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis):
Cause? |
Reactive lesion associated with chronic trauma or irritation.
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Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis):
Treatment? Significance? |
Excision and adjacent teeth should be carefully scaled to remove any source of irritation.
Will remain if not treated. |
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma:
3 other names? |
1. Ossifying Fibroid Epulis
2. Peripheral Fibroma with Calcification 3. Calcifying Fibroblastic Granuloma |
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What is the most common reactive gingival growth?
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma:
Where does it occur? Color? Ages? Sex? Maxilla vs. Mandible? |
Exclusively on gingiva, usually in the interdental papilla.
Red to pink. Young adults. Female. Maxilla. |
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Local surgical excision.
Scaling to reduce irritants. Recurrence rate of 16%. |
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Lipoma:
What is it? Symptomatic? Circumscribed? Color? |
A neoplasm of fat.
Asymptomatic. Well circumscribed. Yellow-white. |
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Lipoma:
Cause? Treatment? Prognosis? |
Unknown.
Excision. Limited growth potential and recurrence is unusual. |
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Traumatic Neuroma:
Another name? What is it? |
Amputation Neuroma.
A reactive proliferation of neural tissue following transection or damage to the nerve bundle. |
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Traumatic Neuroma:
Appearance? Sites? Ages? Pain? |
Smooth, non-ulcerated nodules.
Mental foramen, tongue and lip. Middle aged adults. 1/4-1/3 with pain. |
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Traumatic Neuroma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Excision (including small portion of the nerve bundle).
Most do not reoccur. |
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Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma:
Appearance? Pain? Ages? Common sites? |
Solitary, smooth, dome-shaped papule or nodule.
Painless. Adults. Face, lip, palate. |
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Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma:
Circumscribed? What type of cells? What to look for histologically? |
Well circumscribed.
Schwann cells. Wavy and pointed nuclei. No verocay bodies. |
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Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Conservative local excision.
Recurrence is rare. No malignant change. |
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Neurolemoma:
Another name? What is it? Common? Sites? |
Schwannoma.
Benign neural neoplasm of Schwann cell origin. Uncommon. 25-48% of cases are in head and neck. |
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Neurolemoma:
Growth? Circumscribed? Symptomatic? Ages? Most common oral site? |
Slow growth.
Circumscribed. Usually asymptomatic. Young to middle aged adults. Tongue. |
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Neurolemoma:
What types of tissue? |
Antoni A and Antoni B tissue.
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Neurolemoma:
What is a verocay body? More organized: Antoni A or B? |
Reduplicated basement membrane and cytoplasmic processes.
Antoni B is less cellular and less organized. |
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Neurolemoma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Surgical excision.
Rare malignant transformation. |
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Neurofibroma/Neurofibromatosis:
Appearance? Sites? Age/Gender? |
Soft, single or multiple, asymptomatic. Covered by epithelium.
Tongue, Buccal mucosa. Any age. No gender predilection. |
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Neurofibroma/Neurofibromatosis:
Cause? |
Unknown.
NF1 (von Recklinghausen) autosomal dominant trait. 1/2 have no family history. |
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Neurofibroma/Neurofibromatosis:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
A solitary neurofibroma is excision--no expected recurrence.
Multiple suggest von Reck. disease. |
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Neurofibroma/Neurofibromatosis:
Von Recklinghausen disease: Symptoms? Treatment? |
Multiple neurofibromas with malignant potential. Cafe au lait spots, optic gliomas, lisch nodules and bony lesions.
Manage the complications (no great treatment of disease). Cancer results in about 5%. |
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B:
2 other names? |
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type III
Multiple Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome MEN Type 2B or III |
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B:
What is the first sign of the condition? Other clinical features? |
Neuromas on lips, tongue and buccal mucosa.
Elongated limbs with muscle wasting. Medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Hypertension. |
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B:
Cause? Treatment? |
Unknown...autosomal dominant pattern seen.
Concentrate on the medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. |
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B:
Significance? |
Prophylactic removal of the thyroid is sometimes advocated.
Hypertension should be carefully controlled. |
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Melanotic Neuroectoderal Tumor of Infancy:
Clinical features? Cause? |
Pigmented, radiolucent, benign neoplasm in maxilla of newborns.
Unknown. Tumor cells are of neural crest origin. |
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Melanotic Neuroectoderal Tumor of Infancy:
Treatment? |
Surgical excision...recurrence is rare.
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Paraganglioma:
4 other names? |
1. Carotid body tumor
2. Chemodectoma 3. Glomus Jugulare Tumor 4. Glomus Tympanicum Tumor |
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Paraganglioma:
Of what origin? Most common site? |
Neural crest origin.
Carotid body. |
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Paraganglioma:
Histologic findings? Malignant? |
Round or polygonal epitheloid cells organized into nests of Zellballen.
Most are benign. |
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Carotid Body Tumor:
Appearance? Ages? Cause? |
Firm, movable masses in neck at carotid bifurcation.
Adults. Neoplastic transformation of carotid body (chemoreceptor) cells. |
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Carotid Body Tumor:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Surgical excision.
Risky surgery. |
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Granular Cell Tumor:
Appearance? Color? Sites? Age/Gender? |
Painless, elevated tumescence, with intact epithelium.
Same as surrounding tissue or lighter. Dorsum of tongue, but possible anywhere. Rare in children. Females. |
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Congenital Epulis:
2 other names? |
1. Congenital Epulis of Newborn
2. Congenital Granular Cell Lesion |
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Congenital Epulis:
Appearance? Cause? Treatment? Prognosis? |
Firm, pedunculated or sessile mass on infant gingiva. Same color or lighter than surrounding gingiva.
Unknown cause. Excision. No expected recurrence. |
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What are the most common tumors of infancy?
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Hemangiomas.
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Hemangiomas:
M vs. F? Race? Sites? Resolution? |
Female.
White. Most in head and neck. 50% completely resolve by 5 years old. |
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Vascular Malformations:
Appearance? |
Low flow venous malformations have a blue color and are compressible.
Darken with age. |
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Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis:
2 other names? |
1. Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis
2. Sturge Weber syndrome |
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Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis:
What is it? |
Rare, non-hereditary developmental condition.
Harmartomatous vascular proliferation involving the tissue of brain and face. |
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Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis:
Clinical features? |
Port wine staining of face.
Possible mental retardation. Tranline calcifications in radiographs of affected side. Glaucoma. |
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Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Depends of severity of the case.
Port wine nevi can be laser removed. Care taken in removal for fear of hemmorhage. |
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Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma:
What is it? |
Rare vascular and fibrous tumor-like lesion occuring only in the nasopharynx. Can be destructive.
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Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma:
M vs. F? Ages? Early symptoms? Progression? |
Males.
Adolescents. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Tumor can extend into adjacent structures. Anterior bowing of the posterior wall of max. sinus. |
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Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Surgical excision.
Recurrence rate of 20-40% Rare malignant transformation. |
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Hemangiopericytoma:
What is it? Benign or Malignant? |
Rare neoplasm derived from pericytes...most common in lower extremities.
Both...difficult to tell histologically. |
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Hemangiopericytoma:
Gender? Appearance? Histologic appearance? Treatment? |
No gender predilection.
Slow growing, painless masses, usually red. Staghorn or antler appearance. Benign with local excision. Malignant with more extensive surgery. |
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Lymphangioma:
What are the 3 types? |
1. Lymphangioma simplex (cap. size)
2. Cavernous lymphangioma (larger vessels) 3. Cystic lymphangioma (with large macroscopic cystic spaces). |
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Lymphangioma:
Sites? Appearance? Race? M vs. F? |
Anterior 2/3 of tongue.
Spongy, diffuse, painless mass, pebbly surface. Red-blue. Blacks. Male. |
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Lymphangioma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Surgical excision.
Good prognosis if airway is maintained. |
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Leiomyoma:
What is it? 3 Types? |
Benign neoplasms of smooth muscle. Rare in oral cavity.
Solid, vascular and epithelioid. |
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Leiomyoma:
Age? Appearance? Sites? Treatment? Prognosis? |
Any age.
Slow growth. Firm nodules. Asymptomatic. Normal color. Lips, palate and cheek. Excision. No expected recurrence. |
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Rhabdomyoma:
What is it? 2 categories? |
Benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle.
Adult and fetal. |
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Rhabdomyoma:
Adult version: Age? M vs. F? Sites? |
Middle age and older.
Male. Floor of mouth, soft palate and base of tongue. |
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Rhabdomyoma:
Fetal version: Age? M vs. F? Sites? |
Affects the occasional adult.
Male. Face and periauricular region. |
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Osseous & Cartilaginous Choristomas:
What is it? Sites? Appearance? M vs. F? |
A tumor-like growth of microscopically normal tissue in an abnormal location.
Usually in the tongue. Female. |
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Soft Tissue Sarcomas:
What are they? |
Rare malignant tumors of the oral/maxilofacial region (1%)
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Fibrosarcoma:
What are they? Pain? Sites? Age? |
Malignant tumors of fibroblasts.
Can become very large before producing pain. Anywhere. Mostly children and y.adults. |
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Fibrosarcoma:
Treatment? Prognosis? |
Excision.
5 year survival rate is 40-70%. |
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Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma:
Age? Pain? Treatment? Prognosis? |
Older age groups.
May or may not be painful. Very aggressive. May require radical surgical resection. 40% have local recurrences and developing metastases within 2 years of diagnosis. |
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Kaposi's Sarcoma:
Cause? 4 presentations? |
Herpesvirus 8.
1. Classic 2. Endemic (African) 3. Iatrogenic immunosuppresion-associated 4. AIDS related |
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Kaposi's Sarcoma:
3 stages? |
1. Patch (macular)
2. Plaque 3. Nodular |
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Olfactory Neuroblastoma:
Another name? What is it? |
Esthesioneuroblastoma.
A neuroectodermal neoplasm of the upper-nasal vault...shows similarities to neuroblastomas of other parts of the body. |
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Olfactory Neuroblastoma:
Age? Site? Symptoms? Treatment? Prognosis? |
Greater than 10 years old.
Cribiform plate...may expand from here. Nasal obstruction, epistaxis and pain. Excision, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Depends on stage of tumor. |
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Metastases to Oral Soft Tissues:
Common? Most common sites? Appearance of lesions? |
Uncommon.
Gingiva most common, then tongue. Nodular masses, sometimes ulcerated. Loosening of adjacent teeth may occur. |
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Metastases to the Oral Soft Tissues:
Age? M vs. F? Common sites that they metastasize from? |
Middle age and up.
Male. Male: Lung, kidney, skin. Female: Breast, genital organs, lung, bone, kidney. |