Oral Pathology Midterm #2

Front 1

Non pathogenic micro-organisms can become opportunistic when?

Back 1

• a decrease in salivary flow
• antibiotic administration
• alterations in the immune system

Front 2

Impetigo

Back 2

infection of the skin
Looks kind of like herpetic infection
VERY CONTAGIOUS

Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes

Front 3

What is the tx in impetigo?

Back 3

antibiotics

Front 4

What microorganisms are involved in Impetigo?

Back 4

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

Front 5

What can impetigo be confused with?

Back 5

herpes

Impetigo is much more common than primary herpetic
gingivostomatitis and fever, malaise, & lymphadenopathy
are far more common in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

Front 6

What are some oral manifestations of scarlet fever?

Back 6

soft palate petechiae and strawberry tongue

Front 7

What is the treatment for NUG?

Back 7

gentle thorough debridement
antimicrobial mouth rinses (chlorhexidine and listerine)
oral hygiene instructions
nutritional counseling
high fluid intake
salt h20 perioxide rinses
avoid spicy foods and smoking
antibiotics only in the presence of high fever

Front 8

Predisposing factors for NUG

Back 8

physical and emotional stress
local trauma
poor nutrition
poor oral hygiene
compromised immune status

Front 9

Periocoronitis

Back 9

inflammation of the mucosa around the crown of a partially erupted tooth

Front 10

Inherited Disorders

Back 10

caused by genetic makeup of an individual (169)

Front 11

Congenital Disorders

Back 11

is present at birth. can be either developmental or inherited

Front 12

Developmental Disorders

Back 12

disturbance during cell divisions, multiplicatinos and differentiation (development)

May cause lack, excess or deformity (169)

Front 13

The _______ region is common location for developmental disorders

Back 13

head and neck (169)

Front 14

During what week does the ectoderm fold to create the primitive oral cavity?

Back 14

week three (169-170)

Front 15

Stomodeum

Back 15

primitive oral cavity, formed during week 3 (170)

Front 16

All of the face and most structures of oral cavity develop from either the frontal process or the _____ branchial arch

Back 16

first (170)

Front 17

Maxillary Process

Back 17

from first brachial arch
gives rise to:
upper cheeks, lateral upper lip, part of palate (170)

Front 18

Mandibular Process

Back 18

from first brachial arch
gives rise to:
lower cheeks, mandible and part of tongue (170)

Front 19

The olfactoy pits that mark the future openings of the nose divide the frontal process into three parts:

Back 19

1. median nasal process
2. right lateral nasal process
3. left lateral nasal process
(170)

Front 20

Lateral Nasal Processes

Back 20

forms sides of the nose (170)

Front 21

Median nasal process

Back 21

forms center and tip of the nose (170)

Front 22

What forms the philtrum?

Back 22

globular processes which bulge down from the median nasal process (170)

Front 23

Base of the tongue forms from

Back 23

2nd and 3rd brachial arch (170)

Front 24

When Odontogenesis?

Back 24

5th week, fromed from ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. (17)

Front 25

Ectomesenchyme is derived from

Back 25

neural crest cells (170)

Front 26

Tooth germ

Back 26

1. enamel organ
2. dental papilla
3. dental sac or follicle
(170)

Front 27

Enamel organ develops from

Back 27

ectoderm (170)

Front 28

Dental papilla and follicle develop from

Back 28

mesenchyme (170)

Front 29

Ameloblasts form ____ while
Odonotoblasts form ______

Back 29

Ameloblasts form ENAMEL while
Odonotoblasts form DENTIN (171)

Front 30

T or F Cementogensis completes at the same time as when the crown formation completes.

Back 30

FALSE, cementogensis happens after the crown is formed (171)

Front 31

Ankyloglossia

Back 31

extensive adhesion of tongue to the floor of the mouth (via the lingual frenum) 172
DEVELOPMENTAL abnormality

Front 32

Commisural lip pits

Back 32

epithelium lined blind tracts located at the corners of the mouth (172)
DEVELOPMENTAL abnormality

Front 33

Congenital lip pit

Back 33

near the midline of vermilion border (uni or bi)
DEVELOPMENTAL abnormality
(172)

Front 34

Lingual thyroid
(what causes it)

Back 34

developmental abnormality 171

Front 35

CYST

Back 35

pathologic sac lined with epithelium enclosed in CT 172

Front 36

Most common cyst seen in oral cavity

Back 36

radicular cyst, caused by pulpal inflammation 172

Front 37

Residual cyst

Back 37

a radicular cyst that remains after extraction of bad tooth 172

Front 38

Two classifications of developmental cysts

Back 38

odontogenic and non- 172

Front 39

Oral cysts occuring within bone are called

Back 39

intraosseous cysts

Front 40

Oral cysts seen in soft tissue are called

Back 40

extraosseous cysts (173)

Front 41

T or F Radiographically, cysts within bone generally appear as well-circumscribed radiolucencies

Back 41

TRUE 173

Front 42

Dentigenerous cyst (follicular cyst)

Back 42

forms around the crown of an unreupted or developing tooth 173

Front 43

What is seen in a Dentigenerous cyst histologically?

Back 43

the lumen is lined with cuboidal epithelium surrounded by a wall of CT (can also be lined with strat. squa. epithelium) Lumen may be filled with serous fluid 174

Front 44

What is the difference in treatment of a dentigenerous cyst and eruption cyst?

Back 44

dentigenerous cyst requires removal of entire cyst and tooth. Eruption cysts don't typically require treatment because the tooth erupts through the cyst 174

Front 45

Primordial cysts

Back 45

develops in place of a tooth (most common in third molars or posterior to an erupted third molar) p. 175

Front 46

Primordial cysts are seen most commonly in who?

Back 46

young adults (no gender differences) p.175

Front 47

Histological description of Primordial cysts

Back 47

lumen lined by strat. squa. epithelium surrounded by parallel bundles or collagen fibers. Orthokeratin can cover the epithelium p.175

Front 48

T or F If a primordial cyst is lined by nonkeratinized strat. squa. epithelium the risk of recurrence is greater than if it is a odontogenic keratocyst.

Back 48

FALSE, opposite! the risk is greated with a odontogenic keratocyst p. 175

Front 49

Odontogenic keratocyst

Back 49

lumen lined by epithelium 8-10 cell layers thick and surfaced by parakeratin Basal cell layer is palisaded and prominent (interface between epith. and CT is flat)
p.175

Front 50

Odontogenic keratocyst most often seen where?

Back 50

mand third molar region

Front 51

T or F Odontogenic keratocyst can look identical to odontogenic tumor, is expansive and can move teeth and resorb tooth structure.

Back 51

TRUE 175

Front 52

Calcifying odontogenic cyst

Back 52

nonaggressive cystic leion lined by odontogenic epith. that resembles that seen in odontogenic tumor (ameloblastoma). Has ghost cells

Front 53

T or F Calcifying odontogenic cyst are treated aggressively and do not recur

Back 53

first FALSE
second true

It is treated conservatively p.175

Front 54

The solid variant of the calcifying ondontogenic cyst is suggested to be...
a. cyst
b. neoplasm

Back 54

b. neoplasm (175)

Front 55

Lateral Periodontal Cyst most often seen where?

Back 55

mand cuspid and PM area (175) on the lateral aspect of the tooth root
(developmental cyst)

Front 56

Lateral Periodontal Cyst histologically is...

Back 56

thin band of strat. swua. epith.
focal epithelial thickenings that line the cyst

Front 57

The gingival cyst exhibits the same type of epithelial lining as the ______ cyst and is located in the soft tissue of the same area

Back 57

lateral periodontal cyst 177

Front 58

Lateral Periodontal Cyst most often seen in WHO

Back 58

men 177

Front 59

How are lateral periodontal cysts and gingival cysts treated?

Back 59

surgical excision (177)

Front 60

Nasopalatine canal cyst

Back 60

located within nasopalatine canal.
arises from epthelial remnants of embryonal nasopalatine ducts
(developmental cyst)

Front 61

Nasopalatine canal cyst most often seen in who?

Back 61

40-60 year old males

Front 62

Are adjacent teeth normally vital or not in nasopalatine canal cyst?

Back 62

Yes, usually vital even though a small pink bulge may appear near the apices between the roots on the lingual surface (177)

Front 63

A cyst that is seen radiographically that is well-defined, RL, and often heart shaped

Back 63

nasopalatine canal cyst, shaped because of the anatomy of the canal 178

Front 64

Nasopalatine canal cyst histologically

Back 64

lined by either strat. squa. to pseudostrat. ciliated columnar epith. CT walls contain nerves and blood vessels normally found in area, may have inflammatory cells

Front 65

Nasopalatine canal cyst treatment

Back 65

surgical excision. Doesn't typically recur 178

Front 66

Median Palatine Cyst

Back 66

well defined unilocular RL at midline of hard palate (more posterior form of NP canal cyst)

Front 67

Median Palatine Cyst histologically

Back 67

lined with strat. squa. epith. surrounded by dnese fibrous CT

Front 68

Median Palatine Cyst treatment

Back 68

surgical enucleation?
rare recur 178

Front 69

Well defined, pear shaped radiolucency found between roots of maxillary lateral incisor and cuspid. Can cause divergence of roots

Back 69

Globulomaxillary Cyst (178)

Front 70

Origin of globulomaxillary cyst

Back 70

Ondontogenic epithelial origin (178)

Front 71

Are adjacent teeth usually vital with globulomaxillary cyst?

Back 71

yes (178)

Front 72

T or F Surgical Enucleation of globulomaxillary cyst is recommended

Back 72

TRUE 178

Front 73

Median Mandibular Cyst

Back 73

midline of mandible, origin unclear. Causes no midline fusion between the bony processes so there is no epithelial entrapment.
Cyst lined with squa. epith.
Teeth Vital
well-defined radiolucency apices of mand incisors
Treated w/surgical removal
Good Prognosis
Rare recur
179

Front 74

Well defined radiolucency seen below apices of the mandibular incisors. No epithelial entrapment

Back 74

Median Mandibular Cyst

Front 75

Nasolabial Cyst

Back 75

Soft tissue cyst (no alveolar bone involvement)
Origin unknown--thought antioer portion of nasolacrimal vust. 40-50 years of age, females 4:1
Can cause resorption of bone
179

Front 76

This cyst causes expansion or swelling in mucolabial fold in the area of macillary canie and floor of the nose. No radiographic change, but can cause resorption of bone with excessive pressure

Back 76

Nasolabial cyst 179

Front 77

Nasolabial cyst histology

Back 77

lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and multiple goblet ccells.

Front 78

Nasolabial cyst treatment

Back 78

surgical excision, good prognosis, rare recur 179

Front 79

Lymphoepithelial Cyst

Back 79

most common in salivary glands
strat squa epithelial lining surrounded by well circumscribed lymphoid tissue (from epithelium trapped in lymph node
appears as pinkish yellow reiased nodule
surgical excision and good prognosis
179

Front 80

Brachial Cleft Cyst is also called

Back 80

lymphoepithelial cyst 179-180

Front 81

Epidermal Cyst

Back 81

raised nodule in skin of face or neck
lined by keratinizing epithelium resembles the skin. lumen filled with keratin scales. (originate from hair follicle)
surgical excision, good prognosis 180

Front 82

Dermoid Cyst

Back 82

developmental cyst present at birth (more common in other places than head and neck) Anterior floor of the mouth--doughy consistency, may displace tongue
orthokeratinized strat squa epithelium surrounded by CT Lumen--keratin
hair follicles, sevaceous glands, sweat glands seen in cyst walls
180

Front 83

Benign Cystic Teratoma

Back 83

resembles dermoid cyst, but additionally teeth, bone, muscles, nerve tissue may be found in wall.
surgical excision, good prognosis, malignant transformation rare. 180
180

Front 84

Thyroglossal Tract Cyst

Back 84

p.180

Front 85

Static Bone Cyst

Back 85

not a true cyst (no patho cavity or lined with epithelium). Radiolucentinferior to mandibular canal caused by lingual dpression in mandible surrounds normal salivary gland tissue.
NO TREATMENT

Front 86

Is static bone cyst a true cyst?

Back 86

no 180

Front 87

Which of the following has a pathologic cavity but has NO epithelium lining it?
a. static bone cyst
b. epidermal cyst
c. nasolabial cyst
d. simple bone cyst

Back 87

d. simple bone cyst 182

Front 88

simple bone cyst

Back 88

pathologic core without lining by
curetage performed on the wall lining the void which fills up with bone 6 months to 1 year after surgical procedure.
excellent prognosis and unusual recur
183

Front 89

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Back 89

pseudocyst
blood filled spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and fibrous CT, honeycomb appearance
Those younger than 30 years old
May clinically look like expansion of involved bone
Surgical excision--may bleed a LOT

Front 90

Is simple bone cyst a true cyst?

Back 90

It has a pathologic core but NO epithium lining so no, it is not. p. 183

Front 91

Adontia

Back 91

congenital lack of teeth
TOTAL--related to hereditary disturbance ectodermal dysplasia
Require prosthetic replacement
183

Front 92

Hypodontia

Back 92

lack of one or more teeth. Common, deciduous or permanent teeth.
Permanent most commonly effected (max and mand 3 molards, max lateral incisors, mand second premolars) Often missing bilaterally
183

Front 93

Supernumerary Teeth

Back 93

extra teeth.
either from extra tooth buds or cleavage of already existing tooth buds (deciduous or permanent dentition)
Most often in maxilla, often smaller than normal and may not erupt
184

Front 94

Mesiodens

Back 94

supernumerary tooth located between max central incisors 184

Front 95

Distomolar

Back 95

max 4th molar 184

Front 96

T or F Multiple supernumerary teeth may be a component of a syndrome.

Back 96

TRUE, such as cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome 184

Front 97

Microdontia

Back 97

teeth smaller than normal
TRUE generalized microdontia is rare and seen in pituitary dwarf--all teeth are smaller
Generalized RELATIVE microdontia-- normal size teeth appear small in a large jaw
185

Front 98

Teeth most effected by microdontia

Back 98

maxillary incisor and max third molar 186

Front 99

Macrodontia

Back 99

teeth bigger than normal
true generalized macrodontia--rare, pituitary gigantism
Relative Generalized Macrodontia--nromal or slightly larger teeth in small jaws (caused by inheriting tooth size from one parent and jaw size from the other)
186

186

Front 100

Facial hemihypertrophy has this kind of macrodontia

Back 100

localized macrodonita that affects one side of the dental arches (enlargement of half of the head) 186

Front 101

Gemination

Back 101

single tooth germ tries to divide
One root, two crowns 186

Front 102

Gemination most often effects what teeth?

Back 102

anterior teeth, most often in deciduous mand incisors and perm max incisors 187

Front 103

Fusion

Back 103

union of two separated tooth germs
early contact--one large totoh
late contact-- union of crowns only or roots only
Most often anterior, decisuous

Front 104

True fusion of teeth involves confluence (merging or junction) of what tooth structure?

Back 104

dentin 188

Front 105

How do you differentiate between fusion or gemination?

Back 105

count the teeth 188

Front 106

Concresence

Back 106

two aadjacent teeth united by cementum only (form of fusion after tooth formation is complete)

Front 107

What is the supposed cause on concresence?

Back 107

crowding or trauma that results in close approximation of adjacent tooth roots 188

Front 108

Dilaceration

Back 108

abnormal curve or angle of the root
maybe caused by trauma to the root germ (position of calcified portion tooth changes but the rest stays put) 188

Front 109

Enamel Pearl

Back 109

enameloma, enamel projection on root surface. result abnormal displacement of ameloblasts during tooth formation.
Often found on Max Molars, near furcations

Front 110

Enameloma

Back 110

enamel pearl

Front 111

True or False. Enamel pearls consist completely of enamel.

Back 111

FALSE, can also have enamel, dentin or pulp. 189

Front 112

Talon Cusp

Back 112

accessory cusp in cingulum of maxillary or mand permanent incisors.
Composition: normal enamel and dentin with a pulp horn

Front 113

T or F If a talon cusp needs to be removed, endodontic therapy is necessary

Back 113

TRUE because there is a pulp horn inside of it. 189

Front 114

Taurodontism

Back 114

elongated, large pulp chambers short roots
both dentitions
typically affects one molar or several in the same quad
No treatment necessary
190

Front 115

T or F The furcation in a taurodont tooth is much lower than in a normal tooth but the pulp chamber remains a normal size.

Back 115

FALSE, the pulp chamber is much larger
190

Front 116

Dens in Dente

Back 116

enamel organ invaginates into the crown of a tooth before mineralization.
Coronal third of the tooth typically
Deep pit near cingulum
usually just one tooth
Anterior incisors teeth most affected
Max Lateral MOST
191

Front 117

Dens Evaginatus

Back 117

accessory enamel cusp on occlusal tooth surface
Mand premolars--tuberated premolars
Cause: proliferation and outpouching of enamel epithelium during tooth development
192

Front 118

Enamel Hypoplasia

Back 118

defective formation of enamel 193

Front 119

Inherited enamel hypoplasia is called..

Back 119

amelogensis imperfecta 193

Front 120

T or F Ameloblasts are one of the most sensitive cell groups in the body

Back 120

TRUE 193

Front 121

T or F Only the crowns of teeth that are developing at the time of febrile illness or vitamin deficiency are at risk for enamel hypoplasia

Back 121

TRUE 193

Front 122

Turner tooth

Back 122

enamel hypoplasa on a single tooth as a result of infection of a deciduous tooth
Most often: max incisors and mand PM's

Front 123

T or F Some enamel defects can be seen before eruption radiographically

Back 123

TRUE 194 Turners Teeth can (the succedacous teeth that has deciduous teeth with periapical involvement above them)

Front 124

Optimum range of fluoride in water

Back 124

0.7-1.2 ppm 194

Front 125

Ingesting water containing _____ times the regular amount of fluoride causes dental fluorisis

Back 125

4 times 194

Front 126

Enamel Hypocalcification

Back 126

disturbance of maturation of enamel matrix
Chalky white spot on middle third of smooth crowns (underlying may be succeptable to caries)

Front 127

Phenotype

Back 127

physical, biochemical and physiologic traits on an individual.

Can occur from genetics or environmental
(217)

Front 128

What are chromosomes found?

Back 128

Nucleus of cell (218)

Front 129

DNA...

Back 129

Directs production of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins by teh cell (218)

Front 130

T or F All cells except ova and spermatozoa are somatic cells

Back 130

True 218

Front 131

Function of Mitosis

Back 131

create an exact copy of each chromosome and distribute identical set of chromosomes to eah daughter cell