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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Vital Signs
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- pain- pulse- blood pressure- respiratory rate- temperature
- baseline indicator of a patient's health status |
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Cardiac Output
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the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle (systole) during one minute
= Stroke Volume x rate |
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Stroke Volume
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the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat
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Pulse
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- 70 beats/min
- 5L of blood |
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Rate
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Pulse palpated at some peripheral artery
- count for 30/60 sec - normally 60-100bpm, but higher in women and children |
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When the stroke volume lessens...
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the rate increases to keep the cardiac output constant
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Most common pulse point
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radial
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Taking the radial pulse
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• pads of index and middle fingers- don't use thumbs
• compress artery until maximum pulsation detected |
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Pulse Characteristics
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• rate
• rhythm • force or amplitude • quality • elasticity |
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bradycardia
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slow heart rate
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tachycardia
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fast heart rate
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conditions that lead to tachycardia
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• pain
• anger, fear, anxiety • exercise • fever • anemia • hypoxia, CHF • shock |
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conditions that lead to bradycardia
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• medications (digitalis)
• fit athlete |
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Rhythm
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want to see if regular or irregular
- if irregular, want to know if irregularly irregular (dangerous one) or regularly irregular |
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pulse pressure
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difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
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Blood Pressure
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• A peripheral measurement of cardiovascular function (you aren't actually measuring anything about the heart)• Indirectly measured with a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope
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BP is an index to
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• elasticity of the arterial walls
• peripheral vascular resistance • efficiency of the heart as a pump • blood volume |
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systolic pressure
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indicates the maximum
exertion against the arteries by the left ventricular systole |
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diastolic pressure
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constantly present on the
arterial walls, directly indicates blood vessel resistance |
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Taking Blood Pressure
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Systolic= first sound you hear (blood going through no longer blocked brachial artery)
Diastolic= when you hear the last sound (free flow of blood) |
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auscultatory gap
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when sound of blood all of a sudden goes away and then randomly reappears- gives false low bp
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Respiration Rate
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• Observe the rate, rhythm, depth and effort of breathing
• Observe the rise and fall of a patient’s chest and the ease of breathing • Count number over one minute • Normal = 14-20 breaths/min. in a quiet, regular pattern |
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O2 Saturation
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Use Pulse Oximetry
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Pain
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Quality of life assesment
- use Visual analog scales |
