Oral Immunology A7: Dental Biofilm/plaque Formation

Front 1

1) Describe the evolution from pellicle -> calculus
2) What are the components of the salivary pellicle?***

Back 1

1) Pellicle -> biofilm -> dental plaque -> calculus
2) **Salivary proteins - lysozyme, amylase, IgA, PrPs, glycoproteins, **bacterial glucosyltransferases*

Front 2

What are the 4 main functions of the salivary pellicle?

Back 2

1) Protects between tooth and oral ecosystem
2) **Diffusion barrier** - slows effects of microbial acids
3) **Limits microbial adhesion/colonization
4) **Promotes re-mineralization

Front 3

What are the two pioneer salivary pellicle colonizers?

Back 3

1) Gram + cocci (Strep sanguis)
2) Gram + rods (Actinomyces)

Front 4

**What do type 1 pili do?** What organism uses it?

Back 4

**Mediate binding to PrP - sucrose independent adhesion, type one fimbriae. Actionomyces viscosus

Front 5

1) **Actinomyces is a gram __ organism*
2) **What does actinomyces adhere to and how?

Back 5

1) Gram +
2) PrPs through type 1 pili (sucrose independent adhesion)

Front 6

**What bacterium is the MOST responsible for corn cob formation?

Back 6

**Eubacterium or E. yurii**

Front 7

1) What are the pioneer group of organisms? What do they do?
2) What are the secondary colonizers?
3) **What are tertiary colonizers*?

Back 7

1) **Gram + cocci and rods**. Selectively colonize salivary pellicle, develop glucans
2) **Gram - cocci and rods, increase biofilm complexity, make low redox potential for anaerobes
3) **Filaments, fusobacteria, spirochetes**

Front 8

1) **How long does it take for primary bacterial attachment?
2) **How long does it take for microcolony formation?
3) **How long does it take for exopolymer production/biofilm formation?
4) **How long does it take for coaggregation/detachment? (Planktonic phase*

Back 8

1) **seconds
2) **minutes
3) **hrs-days
4) ** days

Front 9

What is a climax community? What organisms usually make it up?

Back 9

Mature, complex, compact biofilm. Balance between deposition and loss. Anaerobes.

Front 10

What are the three main places protected from host defenses and what are the types of plaque you can get from there?

Back 10

1) Fissure plaque - molar fissures
2) Approximal plaque - contact points
3) Smooth surface - buccal/palatal surfaces

Front 11

What drives the hardening of the biofilm into calculus and what is its cause for accumulation?

Back 11

Calcium - lipids from gram - bacteria are attracted to it!

Front 12

1) When does calculus formation begin? When does it mature?
2) What happens to form it?

Back 12

1) 1-3 days, 12 days
2) Ca, phosphate ions from saliva deposited in deeper layers of dental plaque, leads to formation of **insoluble calcium phosphate crystals**, makes focus for further plaque formation

Front 13

1) **What is the rate of calculus formation increased by?

Back 13

1) **Elevated salivary calcium and lipid levels*
2) Elevated pH, protein, urea, in submandibular salivary gland secretions

Front 14

Where is calculus primarily located?

Back 14

1) **Supragingival** - lingual surface of mandibular incisors b/c of Wharton's duct/submandibular gland (highest here)

b) Buccal surfaces of maxillary molars b/c of Stensen's and parotid duct

2) **Subgingival**

Front 15

**What is the difference of makeup of organisms in supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus?

Back 15

1) Supragingival - more Gram + organisms
2) Subgingival - more gram - organisms

Front 16

Many new toothpastes contain ___* compounds that chelate excess calcium ions

Back 16

Pyrophosphate

Front 17

2 organisms for corn cob formation

Back 17

E. yuri, F. nucleatum

Front 18

Primary mucosal colonizer

Back 18

Strep salivarius

Front 19

Colonizing without sugar =

Back 19

sucrose independent adhesion, type 1 pili

Front 20

Sucrose dependent adhesion -

Back 20

glucans and glucan binding protein - gram + organism

Front 21

First organism to colonize the tooth surface -

Back 21

Strep sanguis

Front 22

What is the primary site for generating antibodies that will then be secreted into the oral cavity -

Back 22

TONSILS.

Front 23

what is the difference between homing and trafficking

Back 23

NONE. They're the same.

Front 24

Can B cells and T cells extravasate if they've never been activated?

Back 24

YES. That's not homing. Extravasation = getting in and out of a blood vessel. Going back to another tissue that is the same tissue type when you've been activated - homing. Only activated B cells and T cells are capable of homing.

Front 25

defensins

Back 25

Antimicrobial

Front 26

Histatin

Back 26

Antifungal

Front 27

Mucins

Back 27

Antimicrobial

Front 28

Lysozymes

Back 28

Antibacterial

Front 29

Lactoferrin

Back 29

Antibacterial

Front 30

Amylase

Back 30

Antibacterial

Front 31

Peroxidase

Back 31

Antibacterial