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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rostral
|
Term meaning towards the beak
or head end |
|
Cephalic or cranial
|
A term meaning toward the head
end |
|
Caudal
|
A term meaning near or toward
the tail |
|
Dorsal
|
A term meaning near or toward
the back. |
|
Ventral
|
A term meaning near the front
|
|
Sagittal
|
A term meaning the vertical
plane which cuts the embryo in left and right parts (previously parasagittal). |
|
Medial
|
A sectioning plane in the middle
of the medial plane (previously midsagittal or sagittal section). |
|
Coronal
|
A section in the vertical or frontal
plane parallel to the main axis of the embryo which cuts the embryo in dorsal and ventral parts. |
|
Transverse
|
A section perpendicular to the
Cephalocaudal axis dividing the embryo into caudal and cephalic portions, cross section. |
|
Growth
|
Growth is an increase in size or
number of cells in the whole or any part of the organism |
|
Morphogenesis
|
This is a change in shape or
location of a cell or tissue |
|
Critical period
|
Times during which an organ system is being developed.
*Exposure to teratogens during the critical period can cause developmental defects. |
|
Morphogenic Movements
|
This is a change in location of
cells during development, e.g. gastrulation, neurulation, neural crest migration, etc. |
|
Patterning
|
The establishment of a
programmed subset of cells in proper relation to each other and to surrounding tissues., e.g. shaping of bones and muscles on limbs, positioning of specific tooth types within the jaws, patterning of hair, etc |
|
Cytodifferentiation
|
A complex process by which a
cell or cell line attains and expresses a stable phenotype. This usually occurs over the course of several generations with cells expressing intermediate phenotypes. |
|
Morphodifferentiation
|
A change in shape of a
developing organ due to morphogenic movements or differential growth |
|
Tissue (epithelial-mesenchymal)
interaction |
Interactions between tissues
which are necessary for subsequent development of one or all of the tissues involved e.g., the interaction of oral epithelium and dental mesenchyme is necessary for the formation of teeth: the interaction between the notochord and ectoderm is needed for the formation of the neural plate. |
|
Differentiation
|
The process of achieving a stable different phenotype. It results in a loss of potentiality but cells gain new properties.
|
|
Induction
|
This is the action or physical
presence of a tissue or molecule which causes differentiation |
|
Primary induction
|
Early events occurring during the
blastula and gastrula stages that lead to the formation of axial tissues (neural plate, paraxial mesoderm, notochord). |
|
Competence
|
On receiving an environmental
cue, it is the ability of a cell to differentiate along a certain line. |
|
Down syndrome
|
Trisomy 21
*facial clefts *shortened palate *protruding and fissured tongue *delayed eruption in teeth |