Oral Com M1

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Communication

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It is a process of exchanging Information, Ideas, Thoughts, Feelings, EmotionsThrough Speech, Signals, Writing, Behavior

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Sender -> Encoding -> Message -> Channel -> Receiver -> Decoding -> Feedback -> Channel -> Sender

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Process of communication

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Communication

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is a process.

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Communication

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occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver).

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Communication

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can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

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- Speaker

- Message

- Encoding

- Channel

- Decoding

- Receiver

- Feedback

- Context

- Barrier

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Elements of communication

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Speaker

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the source of information or message

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Message

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the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions

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Encoding

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the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands

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Channel

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the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed

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Decoding

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the process of interpreting the encoded of the speaker by the receiver.

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Receiver

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the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message

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Feedback

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the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

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Context

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the environment where communication takes place

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Barrier

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the factors that affect the flow of communication

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Verbal and Nonverbal communication

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Types of communication

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Verbal communication

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refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.

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Keep it short and simple

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Meaning of KISS

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Oral communication

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includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.

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Oral communication

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Spoken words are used

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Oral communication

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Communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.

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- It brings quick feedback.

- In a face to face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not.

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Advantages of oral communication

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In face -to -face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a fault.

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Disadvantages of Oral communication

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Nonverbal communication

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the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions

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Nonverbal communication

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is all about the body language of speaker.

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- Appearance

- Surrounding

- Body Language

- Sounds

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Elements of nonverbal communication

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1. Proxemics

2. Orientation

3. Eye contact

4. Facial Expression

5. Gesture

6. Dress

7. Posture

8. Paralanguage

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Types of nonverbal communication

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Proxemics

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The study of how we handle the space around us, especially in relation to other people

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Proxemics

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We create for ourselves spaces that belong to us and to which we try carefully to control access

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Orientation

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The way in which people place themselves relative to one another

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Eye contact

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Important way in which we communicate our feelings towards other people.

can be an index of the closeness of a relationship that people share.

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Staring

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identified as threatening form or behaviour

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Gazing

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look steadily; men gaze at women, sometimes in intimidating way

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Facial expression

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is bound to be an important indicator to other people of our attitudes, state of mind and relationships to them

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Human face

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has a complex arrangement of muscles that allows us to produce a whole range of different expressions, most of which are an index of our feelings (happy, sad, pain, etc.)

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Smiling

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important facial gesture that indicate that we are pleased to see other people

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Gesture

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Changing their meanings over a period of time

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Dress

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we combine items of clothing and the appropriateness of certain types of styles of dress to specific situation.

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Dress

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The clothes we wear make a statement about ourselves ~ interpretation by other people.

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Funeral

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people wear black or dark coloured clothes as a symbol or mourning ~ avoid colour clashes.

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Posture

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The way in which we position our bodies

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Posture

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is another sign of the status and role within society

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Posture

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one means of indicating to another person our feelings of friendship or hostility

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Upright posture

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Posture of people who are confident

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Hands on hips

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Posture that means confrontational and hostile

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Paralanguage

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Those utterances that we make when we are speaking

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1. Intrapersonal Communication

2. Interpersonal Communication

3. Small Group Communication

4. One to Group Communication

5. Mass Communication

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Levels of communication

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Intrapersonal Communication

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communication that occurs in your own mind. It is the basis of your feelings, biases, prejudices, and beliefs.

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Interpersonal communication

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the communication between two people but can involve more in informal conversations.

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Small Group communication

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communication within formal or informal groups or teams. It is group interaction that results in decision making, problem solving and discussion within an organization.

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One-to-group communication

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involves a speaker who seeks to inform, persuade or motivate an audience.

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Mass communication

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the electronic or print transmission of messages to the general public.

include things like radio, television, film, and printed materials designed to reach large audiences.

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1. Physical barriers

2. Perceptual barriers

3. Emotional barriers

4. Cultural barriers

5. Language barriers

6. Gender barriers

7. Interpersonal barriers

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Barriers of communication

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- Taking the receiver more seriously

- Crystal clear message

- Delivering messages skilfully

- Focusing on the receiver

- Using multiple channels to communicate instead of relying on one channel

- Ensuring appropriate feedback

- Be aware of your own state of mind/emotions/attitude

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How to over come barriers of communication

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1. Control

2. Social interaction

3. Motivation

4. Emotional Expression

5. Information Dissemination

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Functions of communication

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Control

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Functions to control behavior

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Social interaction

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Allows individuals to interact with others

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Motivation

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Motivates or encourages to live better

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Emotional Expression

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Facilitates people's expression of their feelings and emotions

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Information Dissemination

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Functions to convey information

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communist and communicare,

common, to make something common

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Communication comes from the latin language, _____ and ______

1st word means _____, 2nd word means _____

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Cheney (2011)

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Who defined communication as a process of encoding and transmitting messages using different symbols from one sender to a receiver.

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Aural

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Refers to the ear or hearing

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Oral

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Mouth or speaking