Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx And Larynx

Front 1

where is the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx situatied?

Back 1

behind the nasal cavity

posterior to the oral cavity

posterior to the larynx

all anterior to the buccopharyngeal fascia

Front 2

what is the contents of the nasopharynx?

Back 2

pharygotympanic tube (pressure equalisor) , pharyngeal tonsils

Front 3

what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

Back 3

nasal choanae and soft palate

Front 4

what are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

Back 4

soft palate (superiorly) to the epiglottis and the base of the toungue (inferiorly)

Front 5

what is contained within the oropharynx and its function?

Back 5

palatine tonsils

digestive funciton

Front 6

what are the borders of the laryngopharynx?

Back 6

superiorly: epiglottis

inferior: cricoid cartilage

continues as the oesophagus

Front 7

where is the palatoglossal arch?

Back 7

between the palate and the tongue

Front 8

where is the palatopharyngeal arch?

Back 8

palate to pharyngeal muscles

Front 9

what is pharyngitis?

Back 9

sore throat-inflammation of the arches (viral, bacteria, fungi, chemical irritants)

Front 10

which tonsils are inflamed in TONSILLITIS?

Back 10

palatine tonsils

adenoiditis- inflammation of pharyngeal tonsils

Front 11

what are the three extrinsic circular voluntary muscles that aid in speech and swallowing?

innervations?

Back 11

superior constrictor

middle constrictor

inferior constrictor

all:pharyngeal plexus and then middle and inferior also by recurrent laryngeal

Front 12

what are the intrinsic involuntary longitudinal muscles that aid in speech and swallowing?

Back 12

stylopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

Front 13

what is the innervation of the intrinsic involuntary longitudinal muscles that aid in speech and swallowing?

Back 13

stylopharyngeus: CN IX glossopharyngeal

Palatopharyngeus: CN X pharyngeal plexus

Salpingopharyngeus: CNX pharyngeal plexus

Front 14

what are the steps in swallowing?

Back 14

masticated into bolus in oral caivty

bolus pressed against palate by muscle of tongue and palate

nasopharynx sealed off-by elevation of soft palate by levator veil palatine

bolus squeezed into oropharynx by tongue

larynx elevated by long.pharyngeal m and supra hyoid m.

shortens and widens pharynx to receive bolus (epiglottis seals trachea)

extrinsic constrictors pf pharynx contract to push bolus down oesophagus

Front 15

what nerves are inferior to the inferior constrictor?

Back 15

recurrent laryngeal n

branch of vagus

arteries: inferior laryngeal a +branch of thyroid a.

Front 16

what is between the middle and inferior constrictor muscles?

Back 16

internal laryngeal nerves

branch of vagus

(superior laryngeal artery and vein)

Front 17

what is between the middle and superior constrictor?

Back 17

glossopharyngeal n

stylohyoid ligament

stylopharyngeus

Front 18

what is superior to the superior constrictor?

Back 18

pharyngotypanic tube

levator veli palatine

ascending palatine a.

Front 19

what is within the carotid sheath?

Back 19

carotid a and jugular vein and vagus nerve

Front 20

what is the oral vestibule?

Back 20

space between the teeth and cheeks/lips

Front 21

how many teeth do a child and adult have?

Back 21

child: 20

adult: 32 (3 molars, 2 premolars, 2 inscisors , 1 canine on each half on each jaw)

Front 22

what fixes the root of the teeth?

Back 22

fibrous peridontium

Front 23

what is the gingivae?

Back 23

the gums

Front 24

the pull cavity continues as the root canal, what does it contain?

Back 24

connective tissue, BVs, nerves

Front 25

which of the hard and soft palate is anterior?

Back 25

hard: anterior, soft=posterior

Front 26

what is the hard palate formed from?

Back 26

palatine process of maxillary and horizontal plates of palatine bones

Front 27

what are the 3 foramina in the hard palate?

Back 27

1) incisve fossa: nasopalatine nerves

2) greater palatine foramina: greater palatine vessels and nerves

3) lesser palatine foramina: lesser palatine vessels and nerves

Front 28

the posterior of the soft palate is muscular and it is continues with what?

Back 28

the wall oaf the pharynx

Front 29

what are muscle of the soft palate?

Back 29

levator veli palatini

tensor veli palatini

palatoglossus

palatopharyngues

musculus uvulae

Front 30

what is the innervation and function of the 2 veil palatini muscles of the soft palate?

Back 30

levator veli palatini: CNX-pharyngeal branch

elevates soft palate

tensor veli palatini: nerve to medial pterygoid branch of V3

tenses soft palate and opens pharyngotympanic tube

Front 31

what i the innervation of the palatoglossus (soft palate muscle) and action?

Back 31

pharyngeal branch of CN X

elevates the posterior part of the toungue

Front 32

what is the innervation and function of palatopharyngues (soft palate muscle)?

Back 32

pharyngeal branch of CN X

tenses soft palate and pulls wall of pharynx sup. ant. and medially

Front 33

what is the innervation and function of muscles uvulae (muscle of soft palate)?

Back 33

pharyngeal branch of CN X

shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

Front 34

where are the foliate papillae, Valiate papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae on the tongue?

Back 34

Front 35

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Back 35

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transverse

vertical

Front 36

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Back 36

genioglossus

hypoglossus

styloglossus

palatoglossus-vagus nerve

Front 37

what is the innervation of the muscles of the tongue?

Back 37

hypoglassal all muscles except palatoglossus which is vagus

Front 38

what is the sensory innervation of the tongue?

Back 38

anterior: Lingual (V3 branch) and chords tympani (CN VII)

posterior : glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 39

what is the lymphatic drainage of the tongue?

Back 39

Front 40

what are the 3 salivary glands and what do they secrete?

Back 40

Parotid: serous

submandibular: serous and mucus

sublingual: mucous

Front 41

where is the larynx situated?

Back 41

above the trachea C3-6 vertebrae

Front 42

what is the function of the larynx

Back 42

sphincter to stop food going wrong way and for voice production

Front 43

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

Back 43

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis

Front 44

what does the cricoid cartilage attach to the superolateral surface and the lateral surface?

Back 44

attatches to the trachea

superolateral articular facets: arytenoid cartilage

lateral surface articular facets: inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Front 45

what is the thyroid angle and what are the palpable regions?

Back 45

120 in females, 90 in males

superior thyroid notch

laryngeal prominence

Front 46

what attaches at the superior and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage?

Back 46

superior: lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

inferior: articulating facet for cricoid cartilage

Front 47

How does the epiglottis attach to the thyroid angle?

Back 47

via thyroepiglotc ligament

Front 48

what is the function of the epiglottis?

Back 48

closes the larynx during swallowing and points vertically in inspiration

Front 49

what shape are the arytenoid cartilages and what does the apex and vocal and muscular process articulate with?

Back 49

pyramid shaped

apex: facet to articulate with corniculate cartilage

vol process (ant): vocal lig

muscular process (post+lat.): cricoarytenoid muscles

Front 50

what is the articulations of the corniculate and the cuniform?

Back 50

corniculate: cricoid cartilage (cone shaped)

cuniform (club shaped) -no articulations

Front 51

what level is the cricoid at?

Back 51

C6

Front 52

What are the 3 laryngeal compartments?

Back 52

Laryngeal inlet

vestibule

vestibular folds

middle chamber

vocal folds

infraglottic space

inferior opening of pharynx

Front 53

what is the innervation of the larynx?

Back 53

Vagus nerve branches to: (SCAR)

Superior laryngeal nerve

internal branch supplies:down to vocal folds

external branch: Cricothyroid muscle

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (cont as inferior LN)

snesory: below vocal folds

motor: All larynx m. except cricothyroid m.

Front 54

what is the risk in a thyroidectomy?

Back 54

damage to recurrent laryngeal

if 1: hoarsness, rest tract probs

both: SERIOUS, difficulty breathing

Front 55

where is the ciricothyroid ligament?

Back 55

cricoid cartilage to thyroid angle

Front 56

what is the quadrangular ligament?

Back 56

square shaped

lateral epiglottisand thyroid angle to arytenoid cartilage

Front 57

which folds the vestibular or the vocal produce sound?

Back 57

the vocal folds-have vocal ligament and vocals muscle

Front 58

what are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Back 58

cricothyroid

posterior cricoarytenoid

lateral cricoarytenoid

vocalis

Front 59

what is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Back 59

cricothyroid: external branch of superior laryngeal (off vagus)

posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid and vocalis: recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus