Oral Anti-Diabetics & Drug Names & Pharmacological Classes

Front 1

What are the main classes of oral anti-diabetics?

Back 1

glitazones, alpha-glucosidase inihbitors, meglitinides, biguanides (metformin), sulfonyureas

Front 2

What drugs increase blood sugar?

Back 2

glucocorticoids

Front 3

What drugs decrease blood sugar?

Back 3

alcohol

Front 4

What are some of side effects of glitazones?

Back 4

hepatoxicity, hypoglycemia, fluid retention, edema, CHF, URI

Front 5

Why should you take alpha glucosidase inhibitors with food?

Back 5

Because it works on food in the intestine; it delays the breakdown of polysaccrides.

Front 6

Which oral anti-diabetic stimulates the release of a bolus of insulin?

Back 6

meglinitides

Front 7

Which oral anti-diabetics can cause hypoglycemia on their own?

Back 7

meglitinides, metformin (biguanide), sulphonylureas

Front 8

Which oral anti-diabetic is metabolized by the P450 enzymes

Back 8

meglitinide

Front 9

Which oral antidiabetic should not be taken with NSAIDS and salicylates

Back 9

sulfonylureas

Front 10

What oral antidiabetic can cause lactic acidosis

Back 10

metformin

Front 11

Is metformin exreted changed or unchanged in the urine?

Back 11

unchanged

Front 12

What drugs should be avoided by users of metformin?

Back 12

amiloride, digoxine, morphine

Front 13

What are some of the s/s of hyperglycemia?

Back 13

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision

Front 14

If a diabetic person came in with slurred peech, a staggering gait, and fatique, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 14

hypoglycemia

Front 15

Are oral diabetics taken with type I or type II diabetes

Back 15

type II

Front 16

atropine

Back 16

anti-cholinergic
belladonna alkaloid

Front 17

scolopine

Back 17

anti-cholinergic
belladonna alkaloid

Front 18

dandelion root

Back 18

natural diuretic

Front 19

juniper berries

Back 19

natural diuretic

Front 20

what is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Back 20

weak diuretic

Front 21

furosemide

Back 21

loop diuretic

(postural) hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesmia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, ototoxicity

Front 22

dicycomine

Back 22

anti-cholinergic
synthetic anti-spasmodic

Front 23

oxybutynin

Back 23

anti-cholinergic
synthetic anti-spasmodic

Front 24

benztropine

Back 24

central anticholinergic

used to treat Parkinsonism

Front 25

atenolol

Back 25

selective beta blocker

Front 26

bisoprolol

Back 26

selective beta blocker

Front 27

metoprolol

Back 27

selective beta blocker

Front 28

carvedilol

Back 28

nonselective beta blocker

Front 29

propanolol

Back 29

nonselective beta blocker

Front 30

timolol

Back 30

nonselective beta blocker

Front 31

NPH insulin

Back 31

intermediate acting insulin
onset: 60-90 min
peak: 4-12 hours

Front 32

insuline glargine

Back 32

long acting insulin
onset: 1.1 hours
no peak!
duration: 24 hrs

Front 33

what s/s of hypoglycemia do beta blockers mask?

Back 33

SNS enervation: cold clammy skin, pallor, tachycardia, tremor, restlessness, blurred vision

Front 34

s/s of untreated diabetes

Back 34

polydypsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision

Front 35

ipratripium bromide

Back 35

anti-cholinergic bronchodilator

Front 36

theophylline

Back 36

anti-asthmatic
xanthine bronchodilator

Front 37

omalizumab

Back 37

anti-asthmatic
Ig-E monoclonal antibody

Front 38

cromolyn sodium

Back 38

anti-asthmatic
mast cell stabilizer

Front 39

necromcromil

Back 39

anti-asthmatic
mast cell stabilizer

Front 40

albuterol

Back 40

anti-asthmatic
adrenergic bronchodilator

for acute exacerbations and for prophylaxis

Front 41

salmeterol

Back 41

anti-asthmatic
adrenergic bronchodilator

prophylaxis only

Front 42

metaproterenol

Back 42

anti-asthmatic
adrenergic bronchodilator

acute exacerbations and for prophylaxis

Front 43

ziluteon

Back 43

anti-asthmatic
leukotrine antagonist

CYP450 METABOLIZED

Front 44

zafirlukast

Back 44

anti-asthmatic
leukotrine antagonist

CYP450 METABOLIZED

Front 45

epinepherine

Back 45

anti-asthmatic
adrenergic

nonselective adrenergic bronchodilator/agonist

Front 46

glyburide

Back 46

oral anti-diabetic
sulphonylurea

hypoglycemia
highly protein bound

(avoid alcohol, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, salicylates)

Front 47

glipizide

Back 47

oral anti-diabetic
sulphonylurea

hypoglycemia
highly protein bound

(avoid alcohol, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, salicylates)

Front 48

pioglitazone

Back 48

oral anti-diabetic
insulin resistance reducers

hepatoxicity
hypoglycemia
edema, CHF, upper resp. infection

Front 49

chromium picolinate

Back 49

oral anti-diabetic

Front 50

acarbose

Back 50

oral anti-diabetic
works locally in GI tract to delay carb digestion & absorbtion

GI distress: farting, bloating

Front 51

miglitol

Back 51

oral anti-diabetic
works locally in GI tract to delay carb digestion & absorbtion

GI distress: farting, bloating

Front 52

metformin

Back 52

oral anti-diabetic
biguanide

GI effects
lactic acidosis (avoid dehyration)

hypoglycemia only with other factors

Front 53

nitroglycerin

Back 53

anti-anginal

headache, (orthostatic) hypotension, dizziness, syncope refex tachycardia

DI: -afils (Viagra, Cialis, Levitra)

Front 54

isorbide dinitrate

Back 54

anti-anginal

headache, (orthostatic) hypotension, dizziness, syncope refex tachycardia

DI: -afils (Viagra, Cialis, Levitra)

Front 55

spirolactone

Back 55

K+ sparing diuretic

all the usual diuretic side effects, but HYPERKALEMIA

Front 56

triamterene

Back 56

K+ sparing diuretic

all the usual diuretic side effects, but HYPERKALEMIA and PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Front 57

amiloride

Back 57

K+ sparing diuretic

all the usual diuretic side effects, but HYPERKALEMIA

Front 58

mannitol

Back 58

osmotic diuretic

HYPOKALEMIA

Front 59

chlorothiazide

Back 59

K+ sparing diuretic

all the usual diuretic side effects, including hypokalemia and PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Front 60

phenylepherine

Back 60

adrenergic decongestant

Front 61

pseudoepherine

Back 61

adrenergic decongestant

Front 62

ephedra, ma huang

Back 62

natural adrenergic

Front 63

bitter orange

Back 63

natural adrenergic

Front 64

drugs that can cause bleeding

Back 64

aspirin, heparin, warfarin, garlic, penicillen

Front 65

digoxin

Back 65

cardiac glycoside

dec absorbtion w/ antacids, sucralfate, bile acid sequestrants, fiber, laxatives

inc absorption: anticholinergic; older: antihistamines, some antidepressants

HYPOKALEMIA, HYPOMAGNESMIA

Front 66

antidote for digitalis toxicity

Back 66

digoxin immune fab

Front 67

what can potentiate digitalis toxicity?

Back 67

hypokalemia
hypomagnesmia

hypercalcemia

Front 68

indications for cardiac glycosides

Back 68

heart failure, atrial fibrillation, other tachydysrhythmias

Front 69

lily of the valley

Back 69

natural cardiac glycoside

Front 70

neostigmine

Back 70

indirect cholinergic
inhibits anticholinesterase

Front 71

bethanechol

Back 71

direct cholinergics

Front 72

pilocarpine

Back 72

direct cholinergics

Front 73

niacin

Back 73

anti-hyperlipidemic

excreted unchanged in urine
GI effects, flushing

Front 74

What natural product should not be taken with HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ("statins")?

Back 74

Red yeast

Front 75

lovastatin

Back 75

anti-hyperlipidemic

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

P450 METABOLIZED

NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE

RHABDOMYOLYSIS
HEPATOXICITY

Front 76

cholestyramine

Back 76

anti-hyperlipidemic

bile acid sequestrant

binds to meds

Front 77

colestipol

Back 77

anti-hyperlipidemic

bile acid sequestrant

binds to meds

Front 78

fenofibrate

Back 78

anti-hyperlipidemic

fibric acid derivative
RHABDOMYOLYSIS

Front 79

gemfibrozil

Back 79

anti-hyperlipidemic

fibric acid derivative
RHABDOMYOLYSIS

Front 80

ezetimibe

Back 80

anti-hyperlipidemic

intestinal cholesterol absorber