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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Layout planning
is planning that involves decisions about the physical arrangement of economic activity centers needed by a facility’s various processes.
Layout plans (layout planning)
translate the broader decisions about the competitive priorities, process strategy, quality, and capacity of its processes into actual physical arrangements.
Economic activity center
Anything that consumes space -- a person or a group of people, a customer reception area, a teller window, a machine, a workstation, a department, an aisle, or a storage room.
Before a manager can make decisions regarding physical arrangement, four questions must be addressed.
What centers should the layout include?
How much space and capacity does each center need?
How should each center’s space be configured?
Where should each center be located?
Relative location
The placement of a center relative to other centers
Absolute location
The particular space that the center occupies within the facility
Flexible-flow layout
A layout that organizes resources (employees) and equipment by function rather than by service or product.
Line-flow layout
A layout in which workstations or departments are arranged in a linear path.
Hybrid layout
An arrangement in which some portions of the facility have a flexible-flow and others have a line-flow layout
Fixed-position layout
An arrangement in which service or manufacturing site is fixed in place; employees along with their equipment, come to the site to do their work.
what kind of layout does a production line has?
A production line has a line-flow layout.
Layout flexibility
is the property of a facility to remain desirable after significant changes occur or to be easily and inexpensively adopted in response to changes.
A One-worker, multiple-machines (OWMM) cell is?
a one-person cell in which a worker operates several different machines simultaneously to achieve a line flow.
what is a Cell
two or more dissimilar workstations located close together through which a limited number of parts or models are processed with line flows.
Group Technology (GT)
an option for achieving line-flow layouts with low-volume processes; this technique creates cells not limited to just one worker and has a unique way of selecting work to be done by the cell.
The GT method
The GT method groups parts or products with similar characteristics into families and sets aside groups of machines for their production.
Closeness matrix
A table that gives a measure of the relative importance of each pair of centers being located close together.
Block plan
A plan that allocates space and indicates placement of each department.
Weighted-distance method
A mathematical model used to evaluate flexible-flow layouts based on proximity factors.
Euclidean distance
the straight-line distance, or shortest possible path, between two points.
Rectilinear distance
The distance between two points with a series of 90 degree turns, as along city blocks.
Automated layout design program (ALDEP):
A computer software package that constructs a good layout from scratch, adding one department at a time.
Computerized relative allocation of facilities technique (CRAFT):
A heuristic method that begins with the closeness matrix and an initial block layout, and makes a series of paired exchanges of departments to find a better block plan.
Line balancing
the assignment of work to stations in a line so as to achieve the desired output rate with the smallest number of workstations.
Work elements
the smallest units of work that can be performed independently
Precedence diagram
allows one to visualize immediate predecessors better; work elements are denoted by circles, with the time required to perform the work shown below each circle.
Desired output rate
must be matched to the staffing or production plan.
Cycle time
the maximum time allowed for work on a unit at each station
Theoretical minimum (TM )
benchmark or goal for the smallest number of stations possible, where total time required to assemble each unit (the sum of all work-element standard times) is divided by the cycle time. It must be rounded up
Idle time
the total unproductive time for all stations in the assembly of each unit.
Efficiency (%)
the ratio of productive time to total time.
Balance Delay
the amount by which efficiency falls short of 100%.
Green Grass, Inc.
Desired output rate, r = 2400/week
Plant operates 40 hours/week
r = 2400/40 = 60 units/hour
Theoretical minimum (TM ) - sum of all work-element standard times divided by the cycle time.

TM = 244 seconds/60 seconds = 4.067
It must be rounded up to 5 stations

Cycle time: c = 1/60 = 1 minute/unit = 60 seconds/unit
Efficiency (%) - ratio of productive time to total time.
Efficiency = [244/5(60)]100 = 81.3%
Balance Delay - amount by which efficiency falls short of 100%.
(100 − 81.3) = 18.7%

Cycle time, c = 1/60
= 1 minute/unit
= 60 seconds/unit