Openstax Biology - Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration

Front 1

acetyl CoA

Back 1

combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)

Front 2

aerobic respiration

Back 2

process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

Front 3

anaerobic

Back 3

process that does not use oxygen

Front 4

anaerobic

Back 4

cellular respiration process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

Front 5

ATP synthase

Back 5

membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it, also known as F1F0 ATP synthase

Front 6

chemiosmosis

Back 6

process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

Front 7

citric acid cycle

Back 7

series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells, also known as Krebs cycle

Front 8

dephosphorylation

Back 8

removal of a phosphate group from a molecule

Front 9

fermentation

Back 9

process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor, occurs in the absence of oxygen

Front 10

GLUT protein

Back 10

integral membrane protein that transports glucose

Front 11

glycolysis

Back 11

process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Front 12

isomerase

Back 12

enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer

Front 13

Krebs cycle

Back 13

alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after Hans Krebs who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles; also known as the citric acid cycle

Front 14

oxidative phosphorylation

Back 14

production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen phosphorylation addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP

Front 15

prosthetic group

Back 15

molecule bound to a protein that facilitates the function of the protein; also known as prosthetic cofactor

Front 16

pyruvate

Back 16

three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis

Front 17

redox reaction

Back 17

chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction

Front 18

substrate-level phosphorylation

Back 18

production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant

Front 19

TCA cycle

Back 19

alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid (TCA)

Front 20

ubiquinone

Back 20

soluble electron transporter in the electron transport chain that connects the first or second complex to the third