Openstax Biology - Chapter 33 - Animal Body Form & Function

Front 1

acclimatization

Back 1

alteration in a body system in response to environmental change

Front 2

alteration

Back 2

change of the set point in a homeostatic system

Front 3

apodeme

Back 3

ingrowth of an animal’s exoskeleton that functions as an attachment site for muscles

Front 4

asymmetrical

Back 4

describes animals with no axis of symmetry in their body pattern

Front 5

basal metabolic rate

Back 5

metabolic rate at rest in endothermic animals; also known as BMR

Front 6

canaliculus

Back 6

microchannel that connects the lacunae and aids diffusion between cells

Front 7

cartilage

Back 7

type of connective tissue with a large amount of ground substance matrix, cells called chondrocytes, and some amount of fibers

Front 8

chondrocyte

Back 8

cell found in cartilage

Front 9

columnar epithelia

Back 9

epithelia made of cells taller than they are wide, specialized in absorption

Front 10

connective tissue

Back 10

type of tissue made of cells, ground substance matrix, and fibers

Front 11

cuboidal epithelia

Back 11

epithelia made of cube-shaped cells, specialized in glandular functions

Front 12

dorsal cavity

Back 12

body cavity on the posterior or back portion of an animal; includes the cranial and vertebral cavities

Front 13

ectotherm

Back 13

animal incapable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

Front 14

endotherm

Back 14

animal capable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

Front 15

epithelial tissue

Back 15

tissue that either lines or covers organs or other tissues

Front 16

estivation

Back 16

torpor in response to extremely high temperatures and low water availability

Front 17

fibrous connective tissue

Back 17

type of connective tissue with a high concentration of fibers

Front 18

frontal plane

Back 18

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into front and back portions; also known as coronal plane

Front 19

fusiform

Back 19

animal body shape that is tubular and tapered at both ends

Front 20

lacuna

Back 20

space in cartilage and bone that contains living cells

Front 21

loose connective tissue

Back 21

type of connective tissue with small amounts of cells, matrix, and fibers; found around blood vessels; also known as areolar connective tissue

Front 22

matrix

Back 22

component of connective tissue made of both living and non-living (ground substances) cells

Front 23

midsagittal plane

Back 23

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into even right and left sides

Front 24

negative feedback loop

Back 24

feedback to a control mechanism that increases or decreases a stimulus instead of maintaining it

Front 25

osteon

Back 25

subunit of compact bone

Front 26

positive feedback loop

Back 26

feedback to a control mechanism that continues the direction of a stimulus

Front 27

sagittal plane

Back 27

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into right and left sides

Front 28

set point

Back 28

midpoint or target point in homeostasis

Front 29

simple epithelia

Back 29

single layer of epithelial cells

Front 30

squamous epithelia

Back 30

type of epithelia made of flat cells, specialized in aiding diffusion or preventing abrasion

Front 31

standard metabolic rate

Back 31

metabolic rate at rest in ectothermic animals; also known as SMR

Front 32

stratified epithelia

Back 32

multiple layers of epithelial cells

Front 33

thermoregulation

Back 33

regulation of body temperature

Front 34

torpor

Back 34

decrease in activity and metabolism that allows an animal to survive adverse conditions

Front 35

trabecula

Back 35

tiny plate that makes up spongy bone and gives it strength

Front 36

transitional epithelia

Back 36

epithelia that can transition for appearing multilayered to simple; also called uroepithelial

Front 37

transverse plane

Back 37

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into upper and lower portions; also known as horizontal plane

Front 38

ventral cavity

Back 38

body cavity on the anterior or front portion of an animal that includes the thoracic cavities and the abdominopelvic cavities

Front 39

hibernation

Back 39

torpor over a long period of time, such as a winter

Front 40

homeostasis

Back 40

dynamic equilibrium maintaining appropriate body functions

Front 41

pseudostratified

Back 41

layer of epithelia that appears multilayered, but is a simple covering