Openstax Biology - Chapter 26 - Seed Plants

Front 1

anther

Back 1

sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced

Front 2

Anthophyta

Back 2

phylum to which angiosperms belong

Front 3

barcoding

Back 3

molecular biology technique in which one or more short gene sequences taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome is used to identify a species

Front 4

basal angiosperms

Back 4

a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots

Front 5

calyx

Back 5

whorl of sepals

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carpel

Back 6

single unit of the pistil

Front 7

conifer

Back 7

dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the most variety of trees

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corolla

Back 8

collection of petals

Front 9

cotyledon

Back 9

primitive leaf that develop in the zygote; monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two cotyledons

Front 10

crop

Back 10

cultivated plant

Front 11

cycad

Back 11

gymnosperm that grows in tropical climates and resembles a palm tree; member of the phylum Cycadophyta

Front 12

dicot

Back 12

related group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons; also known as eudicot

Front 13

dioecious

Back 13

describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens

Front 14

filament

Back 14

thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower

Front 15

flower

Back 15

branches specialized for reproduction found in some seed-bearing plants, containing either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs

Front 16

fruit

Back 16

thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal

Front 17

gingkophyte

Back 17

gymnosperm with one extant species, the Gingko biloba: a tree with fan-shaped leaves

Front 18

gnetophyte

Back 18

gymnosperm shrub with varied morphological features that produces vessel elements in its woody tissues; the phylum includes the genera Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia

Front 19

gymnosperm

Back 19

seed plant with naked seeds (seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)

Front 20

gynoecium

Back 20

structure that constitute the female reproductive organ; also known as carpel

Front 21

heirloom seed

Back 21

seed from a plant that was grown historically, but has not been used in modern agriculture on a large scale

Front 22

herbaceous

Back 22

grass-like plant noticeable by the absence of woody tissue

Front 23

herbivory

Back 23

consumption of plants by insects and other animals

Front 24

integument

Back 24

layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo

Front 25

megasporocyte

Back 25

megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Front 26

microsporocyte

Back 26

smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Front 27

monocot

Back 27

related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with one cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge

Front 28

monoecious

Back 28

describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are on the same plant

Front 29

nectar

Back 29

liquid rich in sugars produced by flowers to attract animal pollinators

Front 30

megasporangium

Back 30

ovulate cone cone containing two ovules per scale

Front 31

ovule

Back 31

female gametophyte

Front 32

perianth

Back 32

part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)

Front 33

petal

Back 33

modified leaf interior to the sepals; colorful petals attract animal pollinators

Front 34

pistil

Back 34

fused group of carpels

Front 35

pollen grain

Back 35

structure containing the male gametophyte of the plant

Front 36

pollen tube

Back 36

extension from the pollen grain that delivers sperm to the egg cell

Front 37

pollination

Back 37

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Front 38

progymnosperm

Back 38

transitional group of plants that resembled conifers because they produced wood, yet still reproduced like ferns

Front 39

seed

Back 39

structure containing the embryo, storage tissue and protective coat sepal modified leaf that encloses the bud; outermost structure of a flower

Front 40

spermatophyte

Back 40

seed plant; from the Greek sperm (seed) and phyte (plant) stamen structure that contains the male reproductive organs

Front 41

stigma

Back 41

uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited

Front 42

strobilus

Back 42

plant structure with a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones or flowers; the male strobilus produces pollen, and the female strobilus produces eggs

Front 43

style

Back 43

long, thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary

Front 44

ovary

Back 44

chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female