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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what agencies track cancer? why track cancer like this? |
Northeast regional cancer institute (NEPA), surveillance epidemilogy and end results (SEER) and Program of the national cancer institue (NCI) helps determine environmental exposures |
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what cancers are the most deadly? what caused a huge explosion in prostate diagnosis? what has caused a huge decrease in the amount of cancer? |
broncho and lung cancers better screening less smoking |
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what is the tissue of origin for carcinoma? adenoma? sarcoma? |
epithelial cells glandular tissue mesenchymal origin (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vasculature) |
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what is neoadjuvant? what is the difference between high grade and low grade tumors? define in situ |
treatment to shrink a tumor before other treatment high grade are more different from original cells, they are more differentiated still in the original tissue |
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what are the steps to discovering and treating cancer? |
screening, diagnosis, staginig, treatment, prognosis, supportive care |
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what are important questions to ask in the screening phase? |
significant morbidity/mortality? detecatable preclinical phase? treatment affects outcomes of disease? accurate and cost effective screen? adverse effects from process? can you determine between indolent and aggressive |
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what are the risks of screening? what are the benefits of screening? |
false positives, adverse effects, cost decreased mortality, decrease advancement of cancer, decreased overall costs |
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according to the american cancer society when should you screen for breast cancer?
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women 40-44 have the choice
yearly mammogram 45-54 clinical breast exam every 3 years during 20-30s breast self exams |
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colon cancer? |
men an dwomen at age 50 flex sigmoidoscopy every 5 years colonscopy every 10 years |
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cervical cancer? |
women at age 21 PAP test every 3 years HPV only in abnormal women 30-65 pap every 3 years or pap+HPV every 5 years women over 65 with normal history do not require screening |
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prostate cancer? |
men at age 50 psa level +/- digital rectal exam |
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lung cancer? |
annual CT screening 55-74 with 30 pack/year history, not needed if quit over 15 years ago |
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what are the symptoms of cancer? |
CAUTION changin in bowel or bladder habits a sore that does not heal unusual bleeding or discharge thickening or a lump anywhere in the body indigestion or difficulty swallowing obvious change in a wart or mole nagging cough or hoarseness |
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what is a tumor specific marker of the pancreas? ovary? non hodgkin lymphoma? liver? |
CA 19 9 CA 125 CD 20 alpha fetoprotein |
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what does a PET/CT help you determine? what gives definate cancer diagnosis? |
what tissues have a high metabolic rate tissue pathology |
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by looking at a cells nucleaus, how can you tell it is cancerous? |
hyperchomatic, prominent nucleili, abnormal mitosis |
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what stage is metasis always considered? what is stage 0 like? stage 1 2 3? stage 4? |
stage 4 cancer in situ disease cecoming extensive, involves other structures spread to other parts of body |
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why do we stage? what should you look at to stratified within a stage? |
treatment decisions, prognosis clinical features and genetic biomarkers |
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define metasis what areas does cancer usually spread? |
cancer cell acquire the ability to penetrate and infiltrate surrounding tissues depends on the cancer, but lymph and body cavitites |
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best guidlelines to use for treating cancer? systemic treatment of cancer involves the use of? what is the unit for radiation? what is the implatable cancer device called? |
national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) chemotherapy drugs a gray brachytherapy |
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what is the difference between treatment and palliation? |
treatment is associated with a curative intent and has more toxicities palliation refers to increasing quality of life and begins at diagnosis, and less tox is accepted |
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define induction define maintenance what tool helps guide chemo guidance? |
achieve a remission prolong a remission log kill graphs |
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what are drugs often used in combo to treat cancer? what is a course of chemo? |
for synergism and to attack at different phases of cell cycle a number of cycles, individual cycles may be postponed |
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according to RECIST, what is a complete response? partial response? stable disease progressive disease |
disappearance of target lesion 30% decrease in target lesions change of less than 30% decrease or 20% increase 20% increase in target lesion |
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define remission define progressive survival disease free survival |
a decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer percentage of people who do not experinece any new tumor growth or cancer during or after treatment percentage of people who experience a complete remission after finishing treatment |
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define overal survival clinical cure |
progression free survival + disease free survival no cancer detected fiver years after diagnosis |
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what do the kaplan meier curves tell you? |
survival overtime time to an event typically survival (want the lines to part as much as possible) |
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what scale estimates disability/performance status? |
karnofsky |
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describe the 5 stages of adverse effects |
1 mild asymptomatic or mild symptoms only, no intervention needed 2 moderate minimal or local noninvasive intervention 3 severe medically significant but not immediately life threatening, hospitiliztion needed 4 life threatening urgent intervention required 5 death |
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what is the formula for BSA? formula for absolute neurtrophil count? whats a normal neutrophil count? |
(cm x kg)/ 3600 .....square root the whole thing (%neutrophils + %bands) x WBC 1500-7200 |
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done it |
done |
