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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How many % of gastric cancers are diagnosed in advanced stage? |
75% |
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Risk factors for gastric cancer? |
Male H.pylori Tobacco Atrophic gastritis Partial gastrectomy Menetrierse disease |
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Stage 1b-3 gastric cancer treatment? |
Radical gastrectomy + perioperative chemo (epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-FU) |
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Treatment advanced GC HER2+? |
Trastuzumab |
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3rd most common cause of cancer world wide? And 2nd most common cause of death in cancer patients? |
Colorectal cancer |
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50 % of colorectal cancers are located in? |
Rectum |
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Right sided colon cancer symptoms and signs? (5) |
Non specific dull pain in the hypogastrium Pseudoappendicitis Melena Anemia Palpable tumor in hypogastrium |
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Left sided colon cancer s&s?(5) |
Flatulence Acute colic pain Rectal bleeding Changes in bowel habits Obstruction, N/V |
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Rectal cancer s&s? (5) |
Gross red blood in stools Constipation, diarrhea, decreased caliber Urgent, inadequate emptying Colic pain Perineal and sciatic pain |
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Anal cancer s&s? (8) |
Bleeding Painful emptying Perineal pain Mass sensation at Amy’s Change in bowel habits Anal itching Fecal incontinence Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes |
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Gold standard for staging CRC? |
Abdominal and pelvic MRI |
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Most common place of metastasis of CRC? |
Liver |
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Treatment located <12 cm from anal verge? |
Neoadjuvant therapy |
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Tx CRC above peritoneal reflection >12 cm from anal verge? Stage3 |
Resection + chemi |
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Gold standard staging rectal cancer? |
MRI |
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No mutation in RAS gene in advanced rectal cancer, tx? |
Anti-EGFR (cefuximab) |
Causes acne like rash |
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Name some anti VEGF used in mCRC? |
Bevacizumab Aflibercept Ramucinumab Regorafenib |
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Side effects of anti VEGF? |
HTN, bleeding, proteinuria |
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Adverse reactions of chemo? |
N/V/D Mucositis Alopecia Pulmonary fibrosis Cardio toxicity Local reactions Nephrotox Cystitis Infertility Myalgia Neuropathy Myelosuppression Phlebitis |
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Chemo agents with high risk of anemia? |
Carbaplatin Cisplatin Topotecan Taxol Mitomycin C |
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Tx neutropenic fever |
G-CSF: filgrastim AB Antifungals Antipyretics |
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Most common complication and 2nd most common cause of death in cancer pts |
Thrombosis |
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Tx cachexia |
Steroids Megestrol acetate Medroxyprogeaterone acetate Cannabis |
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Tx superior vena cava syndrome |
Furosemide Steroids RTH, CHTH Anti coagulation |
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Chemo agents that can cause hemorrhagic cystitis? |
Dacarbazine, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide |
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Acute side effects radio? |
Mucus: inflammation, superficial temporary ulceration Skin: erythema, dry desquamation, confluent desquamation Diarrhea, bleeding |
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Acute side effects radio? |
Mucus: inflammation, superficial temporary ulceration Skin: erythema, dry desquamation, confluent desquamation Diarrhea, bleeding |
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Late side effects of radio? |
Fibrosis Telangiectasia Overgrowth Dental decay |
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Tamoxifen increase risk of ... cancer? |
Endometrial |
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Rituximab mec of action? |
Anti body against CD20 (B cell) |
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Advanced melanoma treatment? |
Ipilimumab |
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Analgesic good in bone metastasis? |
Diclofenac |
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Toxicity of morphine?(5) |
Constipation N/V Confusion/somnolence Resp depression Addiction |
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Oxycodone, what can you add to decrease constipation? |
Naloxone |
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Drug of choice in neuropathic pain? |
Pregabalin |
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Most chemo sensitive canc? Top 4 |
Testicular ca Breast ca Lymphoma (H&NH) SCLC |
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Least chemosensitive canc? |
HCC & other cancers around liver |
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T/F RTH is contraindicated in tumors infiltrating cartilage |
T |
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Bevacizumab clinical use?(6) |
mCRC NSCLC Breast ca Advanced renal cancer Locally advanced/ ovarian ca Advanced cervical ca |
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Cisplatin tox (3) |
Nephrotox, neurotox, ototoxic |
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The most common metabolic oncology emergency? |
Hypercalcemia |
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Most frequent location of pathological fx? |
Vertebral column |
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Tx of pathological fx? |
Radio, NSAIDs (Ibux, diclofenac, naproxen), bisphisphonates, chemo, surgery, rehab |
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Name the 4 most common cancers that cause spinal cord syndrome? |
Breast, lung, prostate, lymphomas |
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Most common location of spinal cord syndrome? |
Thoracic spine |
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Tx spinal cord comp syndrome? |
Steroids, radio, chemo, surgery |
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Late symptoms of spinal cord comp syndrome? |
Proximal muscle weakness Paresis paralysis neurological defects Dysesthesia, paraesthesia -lower extremities Impotence, incontinence- urine and feces |
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Most common canc that cause brain metastasis? |
Breast, lung, renal |
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Most common canc cause superior vena cava syndrome? |
Lung (SCLC, SCC, adenocarcinoma) Non Hodgkin lymphoma |
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Most common bacteria cause sepsis? |
E.coli, klebisella, pseudomonas |
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Dx & tx of sepsis? |
Culture (blood, throat, urine) Labs (CBC, chemistry, coagulation) Chest X-ray ECG Fluids (increase BP) AB (Broad spectrum) O2 Electrolyte replacement |
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Electrolyte disturbances in TLS? |
Hyperkalemia (K+) Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia |
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5 most common cancers causing hypercalcemia? |
Breast, plasmocytoma, lung, colorectal cancers, prostate |
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Symptoms of hypercalcemia? |
Weakness, sleepiness, COMA Hypotonia Mental disorders Polyuria, dehydration Lack of appetite, dec body weight Itch Bradycardia Changes in ECG Arrythmia Nausea, vomiting Obstruction Pancreatitis |
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GIST tx? When unresponsive to chemo |
TKI - imatinib |
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Adenocarcinoma of pancreas, most common location? |
Head of pancreas |
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Most common mutation in pancreatic cancer? |
BRCA2 |
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Median OS survival in resected pancreatic canc? |
13-18 months |
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Which adjuvant chemo after Whipple procedure? In pancreatic cancer |
Gemcitabine 5-FU |
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First line ESMO guidelines in pancreatic canc? |
Folfirinox (selected cases, advanced) Nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine Gemcitabine +/- erlotinib |
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Name the low grade non Hodgkin lymphomas? (3) |
Follicular lymphomas Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT |
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Most frequent Non Hodgkin lymphoma? |
DLBCL |
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Most important marker in Dx in non Hodgkin lymphoma? |
CD20 |
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Best for staging lymphomas? |
PET-CT |
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Best for staging lymphomas? |
PET-CT |
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Name a antibody against CD20? |
Rituximab |
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T/F DLBCL treatment = radio alone |
Never!! |
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What is included in CHOP chemo in DLBCL? |
Cyclophosphamide Hydroxy- daunorubicin Oncovin (vincristine) Prednisolone |
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CD markers in Non hodgkin lymphoma? |
CD15, CD30+ |
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Most common lymphadenopathy in non hodgkins? |
Cervical and supraclavicular |
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Unfavorable prognostic factors in non hodgkins? |
Hb<10,5 Leu>15 000/uL Lymph <600/uL Albumins <4g/dL |
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Most common pathology in non hodgkins? |
Nodular sclerosing (NS) 40-70% |
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Polytchemotherapy ABVD in non hodgkins? |
Adriamycin Bleomycin Vincristine Dacarbazine |
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BEACOPP treatment in non hodgkins? |
Bleomycin Etoposide Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Oncovin (vincristine) Procarbazine Presnisolone |
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Most common type of melanoma? |
Superficial spreading type |
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1st line chemo in metastatic melanoma? |
Dacarbazine |
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Chemo treatment in advanced melanoma with BRAF mutations? |
Vemurafenib/dabrafenib |
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Immunological treatment option in melanoma? |
Iplimumab Or nivolumab/pembrolizumab Atezolizumab |
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Most common histological type of melanoma? |
Ductal |
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Adjuvant treatment should be started how long after surgery in advanced melanoma? |
4-6 weeks |
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