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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Benign Tumors |
1. Grow Slowly 2. Encapsulated 3. Composition: organized and specialized (differentiated) cells that closely resemble normal, mature tissue from which they're derived. 4. Non-metastatic |
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Characteristics of Malignant Tumors |
1. Rapid growing, multiplying 2. Invasive and infiltrative 3. Resemble primitive cells that lack capacity to perform mature cell functions: Anaplasia Cells are dedifferentiated, lack order and consistency of cell size. Hyper-chromatic (can be stained to recognize DNA |
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Most common cancers in men |
Lung, colorectal, and prostate |
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Most common cancers in women |
Lung, Breast, and colorectal |
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What causes DNA Damage? |
Environmental Factors Heredity |
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Normal Cell Death |
Apoptosis |
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Anaplastic |
Cells stop making DNA codes that allow the cells to carry on function of mature normal cells |
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4 Environmental agents that cause DNA damage |
Chemicals Radiation Viruses Oncogenes |
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Chemical Carcinogens |
Hydrocarbons Insecticides Dyes Industrial Chemicals Insulation Hormones |
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3 viruses that lead to cancer |
Herpesvirus Type 8 leads to Kaposi Sarcoma Papillomavirus leads to cervical cancer Epstein-barr Virus leads to Berkitts Lymphoma |
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What are Oncogenes? |
Pieces of normal DNA that cause normal cells to become malignant if activated by mutations. |
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Two cancers caused via Heredity |
Retinoblastoma Adenomatous polyposis coli syndrome |
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Sources of Hereditary tumors |
Loss of suppressor genes that suppress oncogenes |
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How to detect hereditary cancers early |
Genetic Screening |
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What type of malignancy is the most common? |
Carcinomas: tumors derived from epithelial tissue that lines external and internal body surfaces. |
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What defines Sarcomas? |
Tumors derived from connective tissue. Such as bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, and lymphatic cells |
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Tumors arising from blood-forming tissues |
leukemia Lymphoma |
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Tumors arising from brain cells (glial) |
Gliomas |
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Tumors arising from embryonic tissues |
neuroblastomas |
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List the three Classifications of Cancerous tumors |
Carcinomas Sarcomas Mix-tissue Tumors |
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Mixed-Tissue Tumors: what are they and what are a few common ones? |
Tumors derived from tissue capable of differenciating into both epithelial and connective tissue. Examples: Wilms Tumor (embryonal adenosarcoma) within the Kidney Teratoma Germ cell Tumor |
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List 8 Gross Descriptions of Cancer pathology |
Cystic Fungating Inflammatory Medullary Necrotic Polypoid Ulcerating Verruceous |
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List 10 Microscopic Descriptions of Cancer Pathology |
Alveolar Carcinoma in situ Diffuse Dysplastic Epidermoid Follicular Papillary Pleomorphic Scirrhous Undifferenciated |
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Grading vs Staging of Tumors |
Grading: degree of maturation (differenciation) under microscope Staging: Extent of spread within body |
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What is the TNM staging system? |
T = size and degree of local extension N = number of regional lymph nodes that has been invaded M = Presence or Absence of metastases TNM combined to give overall staging I, II, III, IV |
